“主权欧洲”、新冠疫情与中欧关系

“Sovereign Europe”, Covid-19 and China-EU Relations

在一系列内外危机的激发下,欧盟诉诸“主权欧洲”理念推动内外政策调整,应对地缘政治竞争,避免在国际社会边缘化的风险。主权欧洲的核心是建构欧盟实力而非建立联邦欧洲。在主权欧洲理念下,欧盟对外战略更具竞争性和冲突性。在工具化市场力量的原则下,欧盟经贸政策也日趋强硬和保守。在欧美利益结构性疏离的背景下,欧盟也通过寻求对美独立性以维护主权。面对多边主义危机,欧盟致力于通过更加灵活、务实的意愿联盟,继续发挥规范性作用。在新冠疫情影响下,鉴于欧美关系持续紧张、中美战略竞争加剧、对全球产业链安全性的再思考以及数字技术更为广泛的应用,欧盟显著强化了主权欧洲意识。欧盟为了实现主权欧洲诉求,也使中欧关系表现出更加复杂的两面性特征:战略合作需求上升,战略互信下降;经贸合作上升,摩擦也在加剧;多层次交往增加,合作却面临政治化和安全化风险。中欧需要以远见卓识超越双边关系中的非对称性,共同维护国际体系的稳定和国际社会的发展。

Hit by a series of internal and external crises,the EU resorts to the concept of“sovereign Europe”to reform internal and external policies in order to deal with geopolitical competition and mitigate the risk of being marginalized in the international community.The core of“sovereign Europe”is to build up the EU's capacity rather than the establishment of a federal Europe.Under the concept of sovereign Europe,the EU's external strategy is more competition-and conflict-oriented.By leveraging its single market,the EU's economic and trade policies are becoming increasingly tough and protectionist.Against the background of increasing interests diversion between the EU and the U.S.,the EU also seeks a kind of policy independence from the United States to safeguard its sovereignty.In the face of paralyzed multilateralism,the EU is committed to playing a normative role through more flexible and pragmatic alliance with like-minded countries.The Covid-19,which displays the vulnerability of EU's dependence on the global value chain and shows the importance of digital technology,has significantly strengthened EU's sense of sovereign Europe in view of the continuing tension between Europe and the United States,and the intensification of strategic competition between China and the United States.EU's promotion of“sovereign Europe”has also made China-EU relations more complex with dual characteristics:the increase of the need for strategic cooperation with the decline of strategic mutual trust,the rise in economic and trade cooperation accompanied with the intensification of friction,the increase in multi-level exchanges,but the risk of politicization and securitization of cooperation.China and the EU need to go beyond the asymmetry in bilateral relations with foresight and jointly safeguard the stability of the international system and the development of the international community.