基于双加工理论的大学生篮球运动员道德判断:抽象推理还是情绪控制

Testing a dual-process model of moral judgement in college athletes and non-athletes: Abstract reasoning or emotion control

为了探索体育参与对个体道德判断的影响,厘清大学生运动员与非运动员之间道德判断加工机制的差异.共选取了30名在校大学生(包括15名国家一级篮球运动员)作为研究被试,采用功能性近红外光谱技术(fNIRS Devices 1100, fNIR Devices LLC,包括4个光源与10个探测器,共16个监测通道)监测被试完成道德两难任务时的前额叶激活情况.道德两难任务包括个人与非个人两种情境.结果表明:(1)相较于个人情境,被试总体在非个人情境中的道德判断更为功利.(2)运动员被试在进行道德判断时右背外侧前额叶相关通道(通道13、14和15)的激活水平显著高于非运动员,且出现峰值的时间较早,左背外侧前额叶相关通道(通道3)的激活水平显著低于非运动员.可见,运动员能够更好地控制两难任务中的情绪反应.

Does participation in sport promote good character? Many academics have attempted to investigate this question from philosophical, sociological and psychological perspectives. Most recently, several psychologists have adopted a range of methods to investigate the relationship between sport participation and moral character. To do so, they eschew the lay methodological approach, which focuses on a concept of character couched in terms of good and evil. Instead, they rely on a cognitive developmental concept of moral judgement. Moral judgement is the process of deciding what is right or wrong based on social norms. In the context of the mode of cognitive moral development, the moral judgement of non-athlete college students was significantly more mature than that of athletes. With the development of theory and technique, a substantial body of research supports a dual-process theory of moral judgement, which involves an automatic-emotional factor in the process of moral judgement. To date, however, limited work has been performed to explore whether sport participation can alter moral judgement in the context of the dual-process theory. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the different moral judgement mechanisms between athlete and non-athlete college students.A total of 30 college students(including 15 high-level basketball players with at least five years of professional training experience) participated in this cross-sectional study. The moral judgement task, consisting of personal and impersonal dilemmas, was designed with E-Prime software. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy(f NIRS Devices 1100, f NIR Devices LLC, 4 dual-wavelength source probes and 10 optical detector probes paired to obtain 16 channels) was adopted to monitor haemodynamic activities in the prefrontal cortex while the subjects performed the moral judgement task.Significant experimental effects were observed in behavioural and haemodynamic performance. Both subject groups revealed more utilitarianism in impersonal dilemmas than in personal dilemmas. In addition, compared with the non-athlete group, the athlete group evoked a greater haemodynamic response in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-related channel(channel 13, channel 14 and channel 15) and evoked a decreased haemodynamic response in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-related channel(channel 3). Moreover, the peak latency in the athlete group was shorter than that in the non-athlete group.This study verified the dual-process theory of moral judgement in athlete samples. Individual differences were observed in temporal and spatial indicators during the moral judgement task. Taking brain function into consideration, our findings reflect an enhanced emotion control ability in the athlete group to suppress a prepotent response to moral dilemmas.