历史教育与国族认同:台湾地区高中历史课纲变迁研究

History Education and National Identity:A Study on the Changes of History Syllabus of High Schools in Taiwan Region

自20世纪90年代以来,台湾高中历史课纲历经数次修改。台湾当局修改历史课纲的主要原因是台湾"解严"带来的岛内社会多元化发展、台湾"主体意识"的兴起和历史课纲本身的独特地位。数次课纲修订在编排架构上都单独列出台湾史、内容上突出台湾"主体意识",但对郑成功治台的历史书写、清代台湾史的叙述、日本在台地位和影响的论述,以及二战以来台湾历史的描述方面却存在较大的差异。高中历史课纲的反复修订对台湾岛内的政治生态以及两岸关系已经并将继续产生严重的消极影响。历史教育是塑造国族认同的基石,加强两岸青年的双向互动交流,突破教科书造成的刻板印象和隔阂,创造出共同的情感纽带和文化认同是当前对台政策应着重加强之处。

Since the 1990 s,Taiwan region’s history syllabus has undergone several changes.The main reasons why the Taiwan authorities revised the historical syllabus are the diversification of the island’s society brought about by the Taiwan region’s"Decency",the rise of"the Subjective Awareness"in Taiwan region and the unique status of the historical syllabus itself.Several syllabus revisions have listed Taiwan’s history separately in the arrangement structure and highlighted Taiwan’s"Subject Awareness"in content,but there are many differences in the historical writing of Zheng Chenggong’s rule of Taiwan,the narration of Taiwan’s history in Qing Dynasty,the discussion of Japan’s position and influence in Taiwan,and the description of Taiwan’s history since World War II.Repeated revision of the senior high school history syllabus has and will continue to have serious negative impacts on the political ecology in Taiwan region and Cross-Strait relations.Historical education is the cornerstone of shaping national identity.Strengthening the two-way interaction between youth on both sides of the Taiwan Strait,breaking through the stereotype and estrangement caused by textbooks,and creating a common emotional bond and cultural identity are the key points of current Cross-Strait policy.