知识溢出研究的“空间性”转向及人文与经济地理学议题

The“Spatiality”Turn in Knowledge Spillovers Research and the Themes of Human and Economic Geography

文章首先梳理了产业维度、区域维度、产学研合作维度和国际经济维度的知识溢出国内外研究动态和学术争议。在此基础上,判识知识溢出研究呈现“空间性”转向和“中心—外围”互动溢出研究态势。最后,提出知识溢出研究的人文与经济地理学范式:以空间和区域为载体,紧扣“知识生产的集聚性—知识流动和溢出—区域均衡发展”这一研究主线,始终将“知识流动和溢出的空间性、尺度性和互动性”作为研究核心,借助空间计量经济学模型综合集成分析知识溢出“空间性”机制、“中心—外围”互动溢出机制和知识的多尺度网络溢出机制。知识溢出研究的人文与经济地理学范式有助于区域创新和均衡发展政策的科学制定。

Knowledge spillovers effect,as a knowledge externality exerted by unconscious knowledge dissemination,has become one of the core concepts of new growth theory,economic geography and new economic geography to explain agglomeration,innovation and regional growth.Revealing knowledge spillover effect and dynamic mechanism is the common academic mission and responsibility of geographers and economists.Importantly,in recent years,the study of knowledge spillovers has shown a new turn in the academic circles,that is,to build theoretical models and explain the mechanism in a more realistic way.This study combs the domestic and foreign research trends and academic disputes on knowledge spillovers from the industrial dimension,regional dimension,industry-university-research cooperation dimension and international economic dimension.On this basis,it is recognized that the research situation of knowledge spillovers presents the"spatiality"turn and the"center-periphery"interactive spillovers trend.Knowledge spillovers is driven by the synergy of"place space"and"flowing space".Among them,local cultural customs,institutional practices,values and beliefs define the locality of space,while local social and cultural relations and production relations network metaphor the mobility of space,which makes the study of knowledge spillovers show a"spatiality"turn on the whole.In addition,the"spatiality"of knowledge spillovers forces regional innovation system research to shift from"one-way spillovers"thinking to"center-periphery"interactive spillovers thinking.The research paradigm of knowledge spillovers in human and economic geography should take space and region as the carrier,and closely adhere to the main line of"knowledge production agglomeration-knowledge flow and spillover-regional balanced development",always take"knowledge spillovers spatiality,scale and interaction"as the research core,and consider the humanities and natural elements to carry out integrated analysis.The empirical research on these issues can't be separated from the construction of spatial econometric model.The core idea of the model is to incorporate both human and economic geographic elements into the econometric model.By controlling natural and economic geographic elements,the mechanism of knowledge spillovers from human and economic elements can be stripped.The nature of human and economic geography satisfies the complexity and comprehensive issues of knowledge spillover,which makes the theoretical framework of knowledge spillover closer to the real world.At the application and practice level,the human and economic geography paradigm of knowledge spillovers contributes to the scientific formulation of regional synergistic innovation and balanced development policies.