民法典中的债之保全体系

Debt Preservation System in the Civil Code

我国《民法典》合同编第五章的"合同的保全"制度适用于整个债之保全领域,民法典对债权人代位权和撤销权客体范围的扩张符合实践需求。《民法典》第535条的"与债权有关的从权利"在解释上不仅包括债权的从权利,也包括合同的从权利;第537条的第一句规定了代位权人的简易债权回收规则,第二句意味着承认了限定性入库规则;第542条明确了债权人撤销权的理论构造应该解释为形成诉权,从而仅仅发生撤销法律行为的效果而不直接发生请求权的效果,债权人想要终局性地解决问题还需借道债权人代位权制度,从而可以适用代位权制度中的一系列规则。

The "Preservation of Contract" system in the Chapter Five of the Contract Section of the Civil Code applies to the whole field of the debt preservation.The expansion for the objects scope of the creditor’s rights of subrogation and revocation meets the practical demands.In the interpretation,"the accessory rights in relation to creditor’s rights" in Article 535 cover not only the accessory rights of creditor’s rights but the accessory rights of contracts.The simple rules for recovery of creditor’s rights for persons with the right of subrogation are stipulated in the first sentence of Article 537.In the second sentence,the recognition of the restrictive rules of warehousing is presented.In Article 542,it is defined that the theoretical constructs of the creditor’s right of revocation shall be interpreted as formation of litigation,thus,only the effect of revoking the legal acts occurs,but not the direct effect of the right of claim,and creditors who want to finally solve the problems still need to achieve through the system of subrogation right for creditors,and thereby are applicable to a set of rules in the system of subrogation right.