过江通道对长江两岸城市空间联系的影响——以长三角地区为例

Spatial Effects of Cross Yangtze Highway Passage on Interurban Linkages in the Yangtze River Delta

长期以来长三角地区南北岸城市发展存在一定差距,过江通道作为便捷要素无障碍流动、实现两岸城市跨江合作发展的重要基础设施,对协调城市群一体化空间联系产生积极且重要影响。文章通过离岸距离并结合行政区划研究2000年以来长三角地区长江南北岸41个地级以上城市跨江联系特征,揭示过江通道在整合区域空间中所发挥积极作用,丰富过江通道理论与实践,结果显示:不同离岸距离城市跨江联系总量存在差异,沿岸地区较高联系集聚,过江通道建设引至城市跨江发展能力提升在2001—2008年高于2009—2016年;城市对间跨江联系强度存在地带性分异规律,主要表现为省际差异和省内不同地区间差异,同省城市间联系强度提升量较高,而省际提升幅度大于省内;作为过江桥隧与高等级公路网共同构成的交通走廊,由单一到多样化的过江通道供给大幅提升两岸间作用强度、持续促进南北融合,降低因区位造成的发展机会差异、引导跨江联系呈现交通指向。

For a long time,there has been a gap between northern and southern bank area in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD).In order to achieve better cross-river cooperation,the cross Yangtze highway passage has played an important role in accelerating factor flows and coordinating the spatial linkage during the process of regional integration.Under the above background and from the perspective of spatial distance and administrative division,this paper studies the overall cross-river linkages of 41 cities and the characteristics of the spatial pattern in this area.The results are indicated as follows.1)The construction of the river-crossing passages has significantly improved the accessibility between banks.There are distinct differences in cross-river linkage among cities in the YRD region.Specifically,cities with high level of linkages concentrating along the river,presenting a trend of decrease with distance from the river bank.In addition,the linkage level in the northern bank is relatively lower than that of the southern bank.Meanwhile,the growth of cross-river linkages presents a transport-oriented feature.The transport corridor acts as a crucial part in connecting cross-river bridges and farther cities,stimulating the developing potential of these cities and thus making some of these cities obtain better opportunities than the near-shore area.2)Cross-river linkage intensity between city pairs demonstrates zonal distributed characteristics,which mainly manifested as inter-and intra-provincial differences.There are relatively high linkages between cities in Jiangsu and Shanghai,cities of northern Zhejiang.However,only the linkages between cities of southern Anhui and central Anhui exceed the average inside Anhui cities.Moreover,higher linkages are concentrated in intra-provincial cities,such as cities of south Jiangsu and central Jiangsu.Growth rate of inter-provincial linkage is greater than intra-provincial linkage.With the opening up of connecting channels between each province in Yangtze River Delta region,the cost of linkage between inter-provincial neighboring cities as well as regional peripheral regions and central cities has been greatly reduced.3)Each passage has access utilization and hinterland differences.With the help of the cross-river channel network built earlier,the higher linkage network is further shifted to eastern regions such as Jiangsu and Zhejiang where the comprehensive urban strength is higher,so as to release the potential of river-crossing development in coastal areas.During the research period,the construction of cross-river channel has promoted north-south integration continuously.As a transport corridor composed of cross-river bridges and high-grade road network,the diversification of cross-river choice has enhanced the intensity of cross-river linkage.The construction of the"coreperiphery"high-grade highway network in the Yangtze River Delta can be seen as an opportunity to strengthen the linkages between long-distance cities lying in northern and southern bank of the Yangtze River and also between peripheral cities.The cross Yangtze highway passages have lessened the extent of development imbalance generated by the difference of location in order to reconstruct the spatial pattern both in northern and southern bank of the Yangtze River,and thus to promote regional integration.