不同耕种模式对小麦群体光合和氮肥利用的影响

Effects of Different Cultivation Modes on Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Utilization of Wheat Population

为解决山东省小麦播种作业环节多、肥料利用率低等问题,本研究在济南、淄博设置小麦振动深松免耕施肥播种(MT处理:使用2BMZS-12-6振动深松免耕施肥播种机)、深翻播种(DT处理)、旋耕播种(RT处理) 3个单环节对比试验,研究不同耕种模式对土壤理化性状、小麦光合生产和氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明:小麦振动深松免耕施肥播种可显著降低20~40 cm土层土壤容重,显著提高籽粒氮素含量,较深翻播种、旋耕播种提高氮素收获率和氮肥偏生产效率,显著提高小麦群体透光性和群体光合特性,两试点MT处理小麦产量较RT、DT分别增产7.4%、1.4%和4.4%、2.7%。

In order to solve the problems of many agricultural machinery operations and low fertilizer utilization during wheat planting in Shandong Province,three single link comparative tests,which were vibration deep loose no tillage fertilizer seeding( MT),deep plowing seeding( DT) and rotary tillage seeding( RT),were set in Jinan and Zibo to study their effects on soil physical and chemical properties,wheat photosynthetic production and nitrogen use efficiency.The results showed that MT treatment could significantly reduce soil bulk density of 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer,significantly increased the nitrogen content in grain,improve the nitrogen harvest rate and the partial production efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer,and significantly improve the light transmittance and the photosynthetic characteristics of the wheat population.Compared with RT and DT treatment,the yield of wheat treated with MT in the two areas increased by 7.4%,1.4% and 4.4%,2.7%,respectively.