金乡县大蒜产地土壤质量综合评价

Comprehensive Evaluation of Soil Quality of Garlic Producing Area in Jinxiang

为了解金乡县大蒜产地土壤综合质量状况,采用单项土壤肥力评价与土壤肥力综合评价、单项污染指数与综合污染指数相结合的方法对金乡县化雨镇和鸡黍镇两处大蒜产地的土壤进行养分(有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷和速效钾)和重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn)调查分析与评价。结果表明:化雨镇土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量高于鸡黍镇;化雨镇和鸡黍镇两处土壤有机质和碱解氮含量处于四级~六级(中偏低水平),土壤全氮含量大部分处于三级~四级(中偏高水平),全磷、有效磷、速效钾含量处于一级~二级(很高~极高水平);金乡县土壤综合肥力处于中等偏上水平,且化雨镇土壤综合肥力总体水平优于鸡黍镇;大蒜产区土壤所有重金属含量高于土壤背景值但均低于食用农产品产地环境质量标准,土壤重金属综合污染指数为0.53,为安全等级,适宜发展无公害蔬菜。建议今后大蒜产区应重视协调氮磷钾投入,同时加强肥料、农药、灌溉水等投入品的重金属监测。

Nutrients( organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,available potassium) and heavy metals( As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Pb,Zn) in the soils of two garlic production areas in Huayu Town and Jishu Town were investigated and analyzed by the methods of single soil fertility assessment,soil fertility comprehensive assessment,single pollution index and comprehensive pollution index to understand the comprehensive quality of the soil in the garlic production areas of Jinxiang County.The results showed that the contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzable,available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil of Huayu Town were higher than those of Jishu Town.The contents of organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the soil of Huayu Town and Jishu Town were in the fourth to sixth grade( medium to low level),the total nitrogen content was in the third to fourth grade( medium to high level),and the contents of total phosphorus,available phosphorus and available potassium were in the first to second level( very high to the highest level).The soil comprehensive fertility in Jinxiang County was above the middle level and the overall level of soil comprehensive fertility in Huayu Town was better than that in Jishu Town.The contents of all heavy metals in the soil of the garlic producing area were higher than the background value of the soil but all were lower than the environmental quality standard of the edible agricultural products origin.The comprehensive quality index of soil heavy metals was 0.53,which was a safety level and suitable for the development of pollution-free vegetables.It was suggested that attention should be paid to the coordination of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium input in garlic production areas,while strengthening the monitoring of heavy metals in fertilizers,pesticides,irrigation water and other aspects.