康有为“性有善有不善”思想探究--以《孟子微》为中心

The Exploration of Humanity in KANG You-wei--On the Basis of The Deep Meaning of Mencius

本文分析了康有为"性有善有不善"的人性论思想,得出康有为"人性层级理论"与其"人人皆平等"的政治理论间的矛盾;他独具特色地将人性论与其"三世进化说"相联系,可以视之为其缓和矛盾的努力,但亦存在诸多问题。康之"命论"可较圆融地回答上述问题,但这与其"自由平等"的政治初衷亦存在张力。可知,康有为的政治学说建立在其人性论上,其人性思想则为其政治理论服务,这种"以外注内"的理论构建方式尽管有其现实意义,但也不免存在些许问题。

This paper analyzes KANG You-wei’s theory of humanity,which is human nature includes kindness and evilness,and concludes the contradiction between KANG You-wei’s hierarchy theory of human nature and his political theory that everyone is equal.His unique connection between the theory of humanity and the evolutionism of three eras can be regarded as his efforts to ease the contradiction,but there are still many problems.KANG Youwei’s theory of destiny can be seen as an access to above questions in a more harmonious way,but there is also a tension between it and his political original intention of“freedom and equality”.It can be seen that KANG You-wei’s political theory is based on his theory of human nature,and his thought of human nature serves for his political theory.Although this combination of political views and academic points has its practical significance,there are some problems inevitably.