现代性的“二律背反”与《资本论》深层本质

The Modernity of Contradictions and the Deep Essence of Das Kapital

现代性主要发轫于英国的工业革命,而工业革命的本质就是人对自然的宣战,现代性凭借于工业革命的推进一路凯歌。但是到了德国古典哲学家康德和黑格尔这里,对现代性进行深度反思,把现代性的本质把握为二律背反,他们都力图解决思有同一的问题,也即现代性的分裂与和解问题。马克思正是在前人的基础上进一步去深化对现代性的认知、揭示、批判与扬弃,而《资本论》就是一本浓缩版的现代性的读本,通过对劳资关系对立与冲突的揭示以及资本自身内在否定性辩证运动的解剖,马克思深刻地揭示出现代性的本质就是二律背反。同时进一步说明,一方面,在当代资本是不能被抛弃的;另一方面,资本又不断地生产两极分化、不断地生产异化与幻化、不断地生产人类精神上的内在否定性。

Modernity mainly originates from the British Industrial Revolution,and the essence of the Industrial Revolution is the declaration of war against nature by humans.Modernity relies on the advancement of the Industrial Revolution to triumph.However,when they came to the German classical philosophers Kant and Hegel,they deeply reflected on modernity and grasped the essence of modernity as contradictions.They all tried to solve the same problem of thinking,that is,the problem of the split and reconciliation of modernity.Marx is further deepening the recognition,revealing,criticism and abandonment of modernity on the base of predecessors,and Das Kapital is a condensed version of modernity reading,through the opposition and conflict of labor relations Revelation and the anatomy of the dialectical movement of capital’s inherent negativity,Marx profoundly reveals that the essence of modernity is contradictions.At the same time,it further illustrates that on the one hand,capital cannot be abandoned in the contemporary era;on the other hand,capital continuously produces polarization,constant alienation and illusion,and constantly produces the inherent negativity of the human spirit.