在类比系统中研究引力和黑洞的性质

Gravity and black holes in analog systems

引力和量子力学的融合是理解时空起源和引力本质的重要问题,也是一个长期悬而未决的基础物理学根本问题。理论物理学家们对此提出了诸多理论猜想,也做出了许多预言。然而一些相关的预言涉及的效应极其微弱,因此难以通过实验观测加以证实。通过类比引力系统,人们可以将这些引力效应转化为实验室可测可控系统的一些效应。对这些类比系统的研究一方面可以帮助人们更深入地理解引力的性质本身,另一方面也可以为其他相关领域的研究提供启发和新的思路。文章将以几个具体的类比系统为例简要介绍类比引力研究的历史和最近的一些研究进展。

The fusion of gravity and quantum mechanics is important for understanding the origin and essence of space-time.It is also an important open problem in fundamental physics.Theoretical physicists have put forward many conjectures and predictions;however,some phenomena in these predictions are too weak to be confirmed by current experimental measurements or observations.By using suitable analog systems,certain gravitational effects can be transformed into the effects of measurable and controllable systems in the laboratory.These analog systems can not only help people understand the nature of gravity more deeply but also provide inspiration and new ideas for research on other related physical systems.By using concrete examples,this paper will briefly introduce the history and recent progress of studies on analog gravity.