不同追肥次数和用量对番茄产量及品质的影响

Effects of Different Topdressing Times and Amount on Yield and Quality of Tomato

为推行减量施肥,提高肥料利用率,研究了不同施肥措施对连续种植的番茄产量及品质的影响。结果表明:优化施肥处理在保证不减产的情况下,节肥效果显著,与传统施肥处理(T1)相比,优化施肥各处理(T2—T5)每667 m^2施用化肥纯养分总量分别减少44.8、44.8、65.6、3.2 kg,节肥47.0%、47.0%、68.8%、3.4%,T4处理节肥效果最佳;在高肥力地力水平下,追肥用量减半完全可以保证作物所需养分,其中T3产量最高,表明在优化施肥的基础上增加追肥次数,少量多次追肥更利于作物生长;T3提高了番茄维生素C含量,降低了番茄的硝酸盐含量。综上,化肥减量对连续种植的番茄产量没有明显影响,但显著提高了番茄的品质,以T3即化肥底施减量50%配施40%有机肥且适当增加追肥次数处理的效果最好。

In order to reduce the amount of fertilizer and increase the fertilizer utilization rate,tomato was used as the test material to study the effect of different fertilization measures on the yield and quality of continuous planting tomato.The results showed that under the condition of no yield reduction,the optimized fertilization treatment had a significant effect on saving fertilizer.Compared with traditional fertilization treatment(T l),T2,T3,T4 and T5 reduced 44.8,44.8,65.6,3.2 kg of total nutrient per 667 m2,saving 47.0%,47.0%,68.8%and 3.4%,respectively,and T4 had the best effect on saving fertilizer.At the high soil fertility level,the reduction of topdressing amount by half could completely guarantee the nutrients needed by crops,among which T3 had the highest yield,which showed that on the basis of optimized fertilization,increasing topdressing times and a small amount but high frequency topdressing was more conducive to crop growth.T3 increased vitamin C content and decreased nitrate content of tomato.To sum up,the reduction of chemical fertilizer had no significant effect on the continuous tomato yield,but significantly improved the quality of tomato.The best treatment was to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer by 50%combined with 40%organic fertilizer and properly increase the times of topdressing at fruiting stage(T3).