中枢神经系统免疫反应在神经退行性疾病中的作用

The role of central nervous system immune response in neurodegenerative diseases

神经退行是许多神经退行性疾病,如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森症、噬神经组织病毒感染、中风等的主要病理学特征,其表现为中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)神经元和轴突功能失调或丧失。慢性免疫活化是目前已知的众多触发因素中最常见因素。CNS属于免疫豁免环境,但其中仍存在免疫反应。CNS免疫反应主要由先天性免疫细胞、小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞与CNS渗透性T细胞等其他先天性免疫和适应性免疫系统相互作用所介导。现就参与CNS中免疫反应的相关细胞、分子及其在神经退行性疾病的发病机制和治疗作用进行综述,进而为相关神经系统疾病的干预和治疗提供理论基础。

Nerve degeneration is the main pathological feature of many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,neurophagocytic virus infection,stroke and so on,which is manifested as dysfunction or loss of central nervous system(CNS)neurons and axons.Chronic immunoactivation is one of the most common trigger factors.Although the CNS belongs to the immune-ignored environment,there is still an immune response.The CNS immune response is mainly mediated by the interaction between congenital immune cells,small glial cells,astrocytes and other congenital or adaptive immune systems such as the permeable T cells of the CNS.This paper summarized the related cells,molecules and their pathogenesis and therapeutic effects in neurodegenerative diseases,so as to provide theoretical basis for the intervention and treatment of related neurological diseases.