竞合:超越传统安全化理论的新分析框架

Coopetition:A New Analysis Framework Beyond Traditional Securitization Theory of Copenhagen School

鉴于系统理论研究夸大了体系对单元的冲击,忽略后者对体系的影响,而单元层次理论建构一直面临内容无所不包、过于具体化、复杂化、主观随意性大等多重困难。首先,通过从外交政策分析转向安全问题研究,让国家回归为理性行为体及解决单元是否具有稳定偏好的问题。其次,通过系统与单元的安全互动——安全化过程中的双层竞合,解决哥本哈根学派安全化理论中体系作用缺失问题。最后,通过再定义安全,找出单元内部竞合过程中稳定的变量,避免对外政策分析学者失败的"窠臼",并由此推导出安全的强度与烈度、领导人注意力、资源及资金分配、政治共识及社会认同这五个可观察、可检验与可重复的变量,弥补国际关系研究中有关"行动过程"的缺口,实现对哥本哈根学派安全化理论的超越。

Due to the systems theories focus on the structure of the international system,exaggerating the impact of system on units while ignoring the latter’s influence on the former.There were multiple difficulties in the construction of unit-level theory such as the all-inclusive nature of its content which was too concrete,complicated and arbitrary.This paper lies in shifting the foreign policy analysis to the security issue,making the state return to rational actors,determining whether the units have stable preference is especially relevant.As a result,the security interaction between units and system would evolve into the issue of "Two-level Coopetition" which can solve the problems of generalization of security concepts and the lack of system level factors.Finally,security issue would return to be the top priority of national policies by redefining security concepts.Thus,the stable variables in the internal coopetition process of the units can be successfully pinpointed.Meanwhile,the "traps" that lead to the failure of FPA can be circumvented,and some observable,testable and repeatable securitization variables,such as the intensity of security,the attention of the leaders,the allocation of funds and recourses,social identity and political consensus can also be deduced,which would finally exceed the Copenhagen School’s Securitization Theory and fill the void of "action process" in the international relations study.