如何成长为高层次科技人才?——基于“双一流”建设高校校长的履历分析

How to grow into high-level scientific and technological talents?--A curriculum vitae analysis of Presidents from“Double First-rate”Universities

探究高层次科技人才的成长路径与流动规律有助于正确、高效地培养和引进高层次科技人才。基于137位中国"双一流"建设高校校长的履历数据,通过利用统计手段与社会网络分析法对其成长规律进行实证研究。研究发现,高层次科技人才普遍拥有境外成长经历,但博士阶段的学习主要在国内完成;博士后经历并不是高层次科技人才的必备经历;高层次科技人才普遍拥有在政府和其他高校工作的经历,行政因素是影响其职业成长的重要因素;高层次科技人才主要围绕中国、美国、德国、日本和英国进行流动;美国是高层次科技人才境外流动的主要目的国家和中介国家。为此建议:①科技人员应避免过分追逐境外经历,要积累丰富的行政、教学与科研经验,切实提升综合能力与素质;②政府部门在行政任免时应遵循"选贤任能,人尽其才"原则,不断完善人才国际交流合作机制;③开发、成立专门的科技人才管理系统和部门,着手建设精细化管理的高层次科技人才数据库。

Finding out the growth path and flow rule of high-level scientific and technological talents is helpful to cultivate and introduce high-level sci-tech talents correctly and efficiently.Based on the curriculum vitae data of 137 Chinese“Double First-rate”university presidents,this paper conducts an empirical study on their growth laws by using statistical means and social network analysis.It is found that high-level sci-tech talents generally own overseas growth experience,but their doctoral studies are mainly completed in China.Then postdoctoral experience is not a necessity for high-level sci-tech talents.Besides,they generally own working experience in govern ments and other universities,and administrative factors are important factors affecting their career growth.Notew orthy,high_level sci_tech talents mainly flow around China,the United States,G ermany,Japan and the United Kingdom.The United States become the major destination country and intermediary country for overseas flow of h igh-level sci-tech talents.To this end,following suggestions are m ade:firstly,scientists and technicians should avoid excessive pursuit of overseas experience.Accumulating rich administrative,teaching and scientific research experience and effectively improving their comprehensive abilities and quality are essential.Secondly,government departments should follow the principle of“selecting and appointing talents,and giving full scope to talents”,and constantly improve the mechanism of international exchange and cooperation of talents.Thirdly,a special scientific and technological personnel management system and departments should be developed and set up in order to build a high-level sci-tech talent database with fine management.