研究作为科学的本质——先验视角与经验视角

Research as Essence of Science:Transcendental and Empirical Perspectives

海德格尔曾经提出科学的本质是研究。然而,关于研究的意义,人们却众说纷纭。通过对康德、海德格尔、拉图尔与莱茵伯格的讨论,可以区分出两种视角:先验视角与经验视角。根据前者,研究为科学提供了可能性的先天条件。根据后者,研究必须通过现实实践才能展开,它构成了知识的后天条件。尽管存在深刻差别,两种视角的旨趣是一致的,即通过刻画研究概念以阐释科学的本质及其特征,而不同的研究概念代表了阐释科学的不同方式。

Martin Heidegger famously proposed that the essence of modern science was research.However,Kant,Heidegger,Latour andRheinberger give us different understandings of research.They could be classed into two perspectives,respectively named transcendental perspective and empirical perspective.According to the former,research should be seen as condition a priori of the possibility of science.According to the latter,it should be thought of as the process of scientific practices that make scientific knowledge possible.Different view of research represents different view of science and different way of doing philosophy of science.