稳就业视角下的性别身份认同规范与性别工资差距

The Gender Identity Norms and the Gender Wage Gap:Perspectives from Keeping Employment Stable

长期存在的性别工资差距会影响女性劳动供给进而影响稳就业,本文从稳就业视角考察性别身份认同规范对性别工资差距的影响。本文的理论机制表明性别身份认同规范对女性工资收入有负向影响,对男性工资收入有正向影响,进而产生了性别工资差距。在实证分析部分,本文使用2010-2016年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,研究发现性别身份认同规范对女性工资收入有显著负向影响,对男性工资收入有正向影响但不显著,交互项回归结果表明性别身份认同规范对性别工资差距具有显著正向影响。异质性分析表明性别身份认同规范对女性工资收入的负向影响随着收入分位数的提高而增大。机制检验发现性别身份认同规范会通过影响职业和行业的选择来影响性别工资差距。对性别工资差距的分解结果表明,性别身份认同规范的价格效应占总价格效应的比例约为30.3%,并且性别身份认同规范对性别工资差距的影响在逐渐减弱。

The long-term existence of gender wage gap will affect the labor supply of female and further influence the keeping employment stable.This paper studies the impact of gender identity norms on the gender wage gap from the perspectives of keeping employment stable.The theoretical analysis shows that the gender identity norms will increase the wage of men and decrease the wage of women,and thus lead to a gender wage gap.Then the study tests the theoretical prediction empirically by using the 2010-2016 China Family Panel Survey(CFPS)data.The study finds that gender identity norms significantly decreases the wage of women,and has a positive impact on the wage of men,though insignificantly.Furthermore,the study shows that the gender identity norms have a significant positive impact on the gender wage gap,which verifies the theoretical hypothesis.The heterogeneity analysis results show that the negative impacts of gender identity norms on the female’s wage increases with the increase of the wage distribution.Lastly,the impacts of gender identity norms on the gender wage gap are mainly through the channels of occupation and industry.The detailed decomposition of the gender wage gap shows that the gender identity norms accounted for 30.3%of the wage structure effect,and the impact of gender identity norms on the gender wage gap has been declined year by year.