汉语否定辖域和否定焦点的韵律分析

Prosodic analysis of negative scope and negative focus in Mandarin Chinese

否定辖域和否定焦点是汉语否定句研究的核心问题。对于否定辖域的判定出现了两种看法:一种认为汉语否定句没有独立的否定辖域,一种认为否定句有独立的否定辖域。对于否定焦点和否定句焦点的关系也有不同的看法,且都是在句法研究基础上得出的结论。本文基于韵律格局的实验方法,对否定句的韵律模式进行了初步分析,实验表明汉语否定句有独立的否定辖域,由否定词之后的成分组成,其中动词毗邻否定词,是否定焦点所在,与否定句焦点并不重合。

Negative scope and negative focus have been investigated intensively in Mandarin Chinese, and there are mainly two diversions: the location of negative scope, and the relationship between negative focus and the focus of negative sentences. This paper has demonstrated that the prosody of predicates and objects following negative words diversifies largely on prosody, including the rise or decrease of the topline, and the significant decline of duration and intensity. There is only a little change on the prosody of the subject. In addition, the feature about variations of pitch in predicates corresponds to the prosodic features of the focus, which contains post-focus compression and the decrease of topline. Eliminating interference from syntactic structures, it can be concluded that negative words have an effect on the prosodic realizations of different syntactic components. Furthermore, the negative scope encompasses constituents following the negative word, and the predicate is realized as the negative focus, which is independent of the focus of negative sentences.