考虑交易安全风险控制投入的在线旅游供应链网络均衡模型

Online Tourism Supply Chain Network Equilibrium Model with the Transaction Risk Investment

基于包括供应商、平台和消费市场的三层供应链网络结构,利用变分不等式刻画均衡态时在线旅游供应链网络各成员的最优经济行为,以及平台交易安全风险控制投入对供应链平台企业、供应链整体的风险水平和期望收益的影响。研究发现,在平台企业风险控制投入相同情况下,平台和消费市场的产品交易数量和价格大致相同,验证了模型的合理性和有效性。其次,随着交易安全风险控制投入的增加,平台自身交易安全风险下降,供应链网络整体的交易安全水平和交易数量上升,但平台自身的期望收益下降。最后,随着更多的平台加入,平台的期望收益下降,市场需求价格下降,消费者获利。但部分平台企业的搭便车行为,会导致供应链整体的交易安全风险水平上升。

Online tourism supply chain is a typical super network.In this paper,an online tourism supply chain network equilibrium model is developed with three layers’network structure of suppliers,platforms and demand markets,which compete each other no cooperatively to maximize their expected profits by determining their optimal product transactions.The consumers at the tourism demand markets reflect their preferences through the demand price functions,which depend on the tourism product demands and on the average level of the risk in the tourism network.It is demonstrated that Nash equilibrium conditions can be formulated as a variational inequality problem and describe the optimal economic behavior of the partners,and analyses the impact of the risk control investment on the risk level,expected profit of platform enterprises and the whole tourism supply chain.The modified projection algorithm is applied to compute solutions to a spectrum of numerical examples.The research outcome includes as following:Firstly,In case of the same risk control investment,the product transaction quantity and price between platform and market are almost the same,which verifies the rationality and effectiveness of the model.Secondly,while the increase of risk control investment the transaction risk of the platform decreases,as well as the transaction security level and transaction volume of the supply chain network increase,but the expected profit of the platform decreases.Finally the consumer profit benefits from the more platform involvement,but the free rider behavior of some of the platforms will lead to increase the overall supply chain transaction risk level.