南宁市大米中镉污染现状及膳食暴露研究

Cadmium contamination and dietary exposure assessment in rice in Nanning City

目的了解广西壮族自治区南宁市大米中镉(Cd)含量水平,评估其对当地居民造成的潜在健康风险。方法2015-2019年采集南宁市市售大米样品886份,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法对大米中Cd含量进行测定,运用美国环境保护署(US EPA)推荐的健康风险评估模型对当地居民因食用大米而暴露于Cd的健康风险进行评估。结果886份大米中Cd检出率为94.92%(841/886),超标率为19.19%(170/886),含量范围为1.50~915.00μg/kg,平均值和中位数分别为126.85和79.00μg/kg。18岁及以上人群大米中Cd膳食月暴露量为12.43~23.95μg/kg BW,目标危害系数(THQ)<1;6~17岁人群为15.42~29.80μg/kg BW,THQ在0.62~1.19之间,6~17岁人群膳食Cd月暴露量高于18岁及以上人群,其中马山县、上林县和隆安县6~17岁人群THQ值均>1。结论南宁市大米中Cd存在一定的污染,Cd含量偏高,对6~17岁人群可能存在一定的健康风险,应加强监测,控制污染。

Objective To understand the content of cadmium(Cd)in rice and evaluate the potential health risk to local residents.Methods Total of 886 rice samples were collected from Nanning City during 2015-2019,and the content of Cd in rice was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).The health risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency was used to assess the health risk of local residents.Results The detection rate of Cd in 886 rice samples was 94.92%(841/886),and the violation rate was 19.19%(170/886).The content of Cd range from 1.50 to 915.00μg/kg,of which mean and median were 126.85 and 79.00μg/kg,respectively.The dietary Cd exposure of people aged 6-17 was higher than that of people aged 18 and above.The dietary exposure to Cd was 12.43-23.95μg/kg BW for people aged 18 and above,and the target hazard quotient(THQ)was below 1;however,the dietary exposure of Cd was 15.42-29.80μg/kg BW for people aged 6-17,with THQ between 0.62 and 1.19.In Mashan,Shanglin and Longan,the THQ of people aged 6-17 was greater than 1.Conclusion There was a certain contamination of Cd in rice in this city,and might pose potential health risks to the people aged 6-17.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and control of the contamination.