粉垄耕作对土壤性质及马铃薯产量的影响

Effects of Smash-ridging Technology on Soil Properties and Potato Yield

针对连年旋耕而引起犁底层上移、耕层变浅、土壤质量退化导致作物产量低下等问题,研究粉垄耕作技术对土壤性状的改良效应。本试验设置粉垄耕作(F30:耕作深度0~30 cm)、粉垄耕作(F45:耕作深度0~45 cm),以传统旋耕(C15:耕作深度0~15 cm)为对照,探究粉垄耕作对马铃薯产量、土壤物理性质及微生物数量的影响。结果表明:与C15处理相比,粉垄耕作后可有效降低土壤容重,增大土壤孔隙度,提高土壤含水量,协调土壤三相比,有助于增加土壤速效养分含量及微生物数量;F30、F45处理马铃薯产量分别较对照增产6.48%、10.19%,商品薯率分别提高4.46%、6.83%。此外,经过主成分分析综合评分后,以0~45 cm耕作深度进行粉垄耕作对土壤的综合改良效果最佳。可见,粉垄耕作技术可为雨养农业区提供一种有效的新型耕作措施。

In order to solve the problems such as plow bottom moving up, plough layer becoming shallow and soil quality degradation, the improvement effect of smash-ridging on soil properties was studied. In this experiment, the effects of smash-ridging cultivation(F30: tillage depth 0~30 cm), smash-ridging cultivation(F45: tillage depth 0~45 cm) were set, and conventional rotary tillage(C15: tillage depth 0~15 cm) was used as control to explore the effect of smash-ridging cultivation on potato yield, soil physical properties and microbial quantity. The results showed that compared with C15 treatment, the soil bulk density could be effectively reduced, the soil porosity and the soil water content could be increased, and soil available nutrients and microbial quantity could be significantly improved. The potato yield of F30 and F45 increased by 6.48% and 10.19% respectively, the commercial potato rate increased by 4.46% and 6.83%, respectively. In addition, after the comprehensive score of principal component analysis, the effect of 0 ~ 45 cm tillage depth on the comprehensive improvement of soil is the best. It can be seen that the smash-ridging technology can provide an effective new tillage measure for rain fed agricultural areas.