永磁涡流制动与电磁涡流制动热力学特性对比分析

Comparative Analysis of Thermodynamic Characteristics of Permanent Magnet and Electromagnetic Eddy Current Braking

电磁涡流制动由于其不受列车黏着限制且衰减较小的优点,常用作高速列车的制动装置,但其结构尺寸和质量较大,磁极温升较高,阻碍了进一步推广应用。因此,在电磁涡流制动装置的基础上提出永磁涡流制动方案,结合理论计算和仿真分析,对比了相同极距和结构尺寸的2种涡流制动装置的气隙磁场,得出涡流制动力与气隙磁场的关系;计算了相同结构尺寸下永磁涡流制动和电磁涡流制动装置制动力和吸引力大小随速度的变化,同时对比分析了2种装置的磁极平均温度随速度的变化。研究结果表明,永磁涡流制动和电磁涡流制动的制动力计算方式具有等效性,相同结构下永磁涡流制动的制动力可达标准励磁参数下电磁涡流制动制动力的3.29倍,制动力相同时永磁涡流制动的磁极温升更小。

Electromagnetic eddy current braking devices often used in high-speed trains due to the advantages of not being limited by train adhesion and low attenuation. However, its large size and mass, and high temperature rise of magnetic poles, prevent it from further application. In this paper, a permanent magnet eddy current braking scheme was proposed based on the electromagnetic eddy current braking device. Based on theoretical calculations and simulation analysis, the air-gap magnetic fields of two eddy-current braking devices with the same pole distance and structure size were compared, and the relationship between eddy-current braking force and air-gap magnetic field was obtained. Braking force and attractive force of permanent magnet and electromagnetic eddy current braking devices under the same structure size were calculated and the changes of average temperature of magnetic poles of two devices with speed were compared. The results show that the braking force calculation methods of permanent magnet and electromagnetic eddy current braking are equivalent. The braking force of permanent magnet eddy current braking force under the same structure can reach 3.29 times of the electromagnetic eddy current braking with standard excitation parameters. When the braking force is the same, the temperature rise of the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet eddy current brake is smaller.