从巡捕、巡警到警察:对近代警察概念群的历史考察

Police Concept at Different Periods:A Historical Investigation of the Modern Police Concept Group

近代中国时期的"警察"概念,超于"巡捕""巡警"等得以固定化、社会化,成为指代警察的专门符号和人们"口耳相邮、共知共鉴和共享共爱"的惯用词汇,是中西方文化交汇与清末社会变革思潮互动的结果,"警察"概念能够使用至今,不仅是由于其包含了现代化的行政与法治内涵,更重要的是其背后所蕴含的文化指征。鸦片战争后新的思想资源开始传入中国,伴随着警察形象的出现,"巡捕""巡警"和"警察"概念成为不同时期、不同主体表达警察观念的词汇,同时这些概念也在反映并塑造着时人的思想表达。

The concept of"police"in modern China has broken fixed and socialized,and has become a special symbol for the police and a common vocabulary for people to"spoken,know,share,and love".It is the result of the interaction between Chinese and Western cultural exchanges and the thoughts of social change in the late Qing Dynasty.The concept of"police"can be used to this day,not only because it contains modern administrative and legal connotations,but more importantly,the cultural indications.After the Opium War,new ideological resources began to be introduced into China.With the emergence of the image of the police,the vocabulary expressing about the"police"in different periods and different subjects reflected and shaped the thought expression of the times.