新经济政策的理论价值和现实启迪再探

Further Probes Into the Theoretical Value and Realistic Enlightenment of New Economic Policy

新经济政策是列宁留下来的重要理论遗产,是社会主义改革论的最初思想资源,必须在列宁主义的理论逻辑下把握新经济政策思想。对战时共产主义的反思是列宁实行新经济政策的缘起。战时共产主义的教训在于,执政的共产党对落后的国情与社会主义目标之间存在着的矛盾必须始终保持清醒的认识。新经济政策是列宁的世界革命战略退却部署在国内政策上的体现。新经济政策的第一要务在于经济上退却以防政治上失权;根本任务在于引领俄国一国向社会主义过渡;目标在于坚守革命策源地,等待世界革命高潮的重新到来。必须明确新经济政策中利用商品市场原则的限度,对列宁的社会主义观要作历史的、客观的分析。站在21世纪的历史高度,在改革的语境下诠释新经济政策的理论价值和历史局限,对于中国共产党继承并发扬新经济政策的思想遗产,坚持正确的社会主义观和社会主义改革方法论,推进当今中国的改革开放事业,具有重要的现实意义。即便是其历史局限,对于当代中国特色社会主义建设和世界社会主义运动来说,也不失为另一种意义上的现实启迪。

New Economic Policy is an important theoretical legacy from Leninism,and it is the original ideological resource of the socialist reform theory.It is necessary to grasp the New Economic Policy thinking under the theoretical logic of Leninism.The reflection on wartime communism is the reason why Lenin implemented the New Economic Policy.The lesson of wartime communism is that the ruling Communist Party must always maintain a sober understanding of the contradiction between backward national conditions and socialist goals.The New Economic Policy is a manifestation of Lenin’s world revolution retreat strategy deployed in domestic policies.The first priority of the New Economic Policy is to retreat economically to prevent a political loss of power,the fundamental task of which is to lead a whole country of Russia to transition to socialism,and the goal of which is to stick to the nest of the revolution and wait for another climax of the world revolution.It is necessary to clarify the limits of the use of commodity market principles in the New Economic Policy and make a historical and objective analysis of Lenin’s socialist outlook.From the perspective of the historical height of the 21 st century,it is of important practical significance for the Chinese Communist Party to interpret the theoretical value and historical limitations of the New Economic Policy in the context of reform,to inherit and carry forward the ideological legacy of the New Economic Policy,and to adhere to the correct socialist view and socialist reform methodology,so as to promote the reform and opening up in China today.Even with its historical limitations,the New Economic Policy is a realistic enlightenment in another sense for the construction of contemporary socialism with Chinese characteristics and the world socialist movement.