高原环境下的矿井通风机性能变化与修正

Performance Change and Correction of Mine Ventilator Under Plateau Environment

为解决高海拔矿井面临的低压缺氧、污染物排放量大、人员和设备降效等问题,分析了海拔上升对环境状态参数的影响,采用相似理论研究环境变化对通风机性能的影响。对西藏某矿井的风机性能进行现场测定,测定结果显示所得研究结论合理。研究表明:随着海拔的上升,空气压力和密度显著降低,同时空气中的氧含量大幅下降,当海拔为4500m时,矿山环境的氧含量只有标准大气的55%;风机性能随海拔的升高也发生明显变化,风机风压和轴功率随空气密度减少而同比例下降,虽然风机的体积流量和效率不变,但质量流量却在下降,最终导致风机的特性曲线和工况点随海拔高度发生偏移。所得结论为高海拔矿井风机选型和优化提供了重要的技术参考。

In order to solve the problems of low pressure,oxygen deficient,high pollutant emission,as well as personnel and equipment efficiency reduction in high-altitude mines,the influence of altitude rise on environmental state parameters was analyzed.The influence of environmental change on the performance of ventilator was studied by similarity theory.Then,onsite measurement on the performance of the fan in a mine in Tibet was conducted,and the results showed that the conclusions were reasonable.The study proves that air pressure and density significantly reduce when altitude rises,and the oxygen content in the air drops significantly.When the altitude is 4500 m,the oxygen content of the mine environment is only 55% of the standard atmosphere.The performance of the fan also changes significantly with the rising of altitude.The wind pressure and shaft power of fan decrease in the same proportion with the decrease of air density.Although the volume flow rate and efficiency of the fan remain unchanged,the mass flow rate is decreasing,which eventually leads to the deviation of the characteristic curve and operating point of the fan with the altitude.The conclusion provides an important technical reference for the selection and optimization of mine fan in high altitude.