论消费外部性问题的经济法规制路径选择——以必要性与合理性为视角

THE PATH CHOICE OF REGULATION OF ECONOMIC LAW ON CONSUMPTION EXTERNALITIES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF NECESSITY AND RATIONALITY

消费外部性问题包括消费正外部性问题和消费负外部性问题两种,是多元主体间的利益冲突的表现,具有多元性、复杂性、分散性、非均质性和矛盾性的特征。经济法规制消费外部性问题的必要性表现为既有规制路径存在困境。其困境表现为:强调政府主体,忽视非政府主体;强调负外部性,忽视正外部性;强调硬法规范,忽视软法规范;强调事后问责,忽视事前防范。经济法规制消费外部性问题的合理性表现为经济法的独特属性。经济法作为多元主体之法、实质理性之法、克服失灵之法、软硬兼施之法、事前防范之法,能够契合消费外部性的多元特征,回应消费外部性的社会现实,实现消费外部性的最佳克服,丰富消费外部性的规制依据,关注消费外部性的事前规制。

Consumption externalities manifest the conflict of interests among multiple subjects,characterized by diversity,complexity,decentralization,heterogeneity and contradiction.The issue includes positive consumption externalities and negative consumption externalities.Due to the existing regulatory path and its dilemmas,it is necessary to regulate economic law on the issue of consumption externalities.The existing regulatory dilemmas include several aspects,for example,the emphasis of government bodies and the ignorance of non-governmental bodies,the emphasis of negative externalities and the ignorance of positive externalities,the emphasis of hard law and the ignorance of soft law,the emphasis of ex post accountability and the ignorance of ex ante precaution.Due to the unique attributes of economic law,it is rational to regulate economic law on the issue of consumption externalities.Economic law is characterized by diversified subjects,substantial rationality,the solution to malfunction,the combination of both hard and soft law,and ex ante precaution.It can match the diversified characteristics of consumption externalities,respond to its social reality,achieve its best solution,enrich its regulatory basis,and pay attention to ex ante regulation of consumption externalities.