BRAFV600E突变结直肠癌的研究进展

Research progress on BRAFV600E-mutant colorectal cancer

V-raf鼠肉瘤病毒癌基因同源体B(V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog,BRAF)是编码在丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinases,MAPK)信号通路上丝氨酸-苏氨酸蛋白激酶的癌基因。BRAF是大鼠肉瘤(rat sarcoma,RAS)蛋白的直接效应因子,它通过激活MAPK/ERK激酶(MAPK/ERK kinase,MEK),产生一系列的级联反应,进而促进肿瘤的生长和存活。大约10%的结直肠癌患者存在BRAF突变。研究发现,携带BRAFV600E突变的结直肠癌与BRAF野生型结直肠癌在临床病理、对化疗药物的反应和预后方面均存在较大差异。本文对BRAFV600E突变结直肠癌的发病机制、临床病理表现以及治疗进展做一综述。

V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog(BRAF)is an oncogene encoding a serine-threonine protein kinase in the mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK)signaling pathway.BRAF is a direct effector of rat sarcoma(RAS).By activating mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase(MEK),BRAF generates a cascade of reactions that promote tumor growth and survival.Mutations in BRAF are present in approximately 10%of patients with colorectal cancer(CRC).Many studies suggest that the clinicopathologic features,treatment efficacy,and prognosis of BRAFV600E-mutant CRC provide a stark contrast to BRAF wild type CRC.Here,we summarize the pathogenesis,clinicopathologic features,and recent advances on the therapies of BRAFV600E-mutant CRC.