"撤而不离":中美建交前后美国对驻台军事人员的处置

Withdraw without Separation:The Disposition of U.S.for Military Personnel Stationed in Taiwan Region before and after the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between China and the U.S.

1979年中美建交前后,美国为从台湾地区撤出全部军事力量,由太平洋司令部领导“美国协防台湾司令部”实施了506X号撤军计划,成功地在120天期限内完成了美国的撤军目标,将军职和文职人员以及家属撤出台湾地区。另一方面,美国在全面撤军的同时,又为国防部文职人员重返台湾地区确立了程序安排,保持了双方的实质性军事人员交往,形成对台湾地区“撤而不离”的局面。这种局面的形成,根源于美国对台湾地区的战略思考,即维持对台湾地区的防卫承诺,同时也是时任太平洋司令部司令维斯纳尔上将积极推动的结果,体现了战区司令部对美国外交政策的深刻影响,反映了太平洋司令部对“美台关系”的高度重视。

Before and after the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States in 1979,in order to withdraw all military forces from Taiwan region,the United States Taiwan Defense Command under the leadership of the Pacific Command,implemented the withdrawal plan which was named 506x,successfully completed the goal of the United States within 120 days by withdrawing military and civilian personnel and their families from Taiwan region.On the other hand,although the United States withdrew its troops,it also established a procedural arrangement for the return of civilian personnel of the Department of Defense to Taiwan region,while it had maintained the substantive military personnel exchanges between the two sides,and formed a situation of“withdrawal without separation”from Taiwan region.The formation of this situation is rooted in the strategic thinking of the United States on Taiwan region,that is,maintaining the defense commitment to Taiwan region.Meanwhile,it was also the result of the active promotion of admiral Maurice Weisner,the commander of the Pacific Command.It reflects the profound influence for the foreign diplomatic policy of the theater command and the great importance attached by the Pacific Command to the relations between the United States and Taiwan region.