甲午以后日本在沪苏杭地区的经济扩张——以大东公司内河航运活动为例

Japan's Economic Expansion in Suzhou-Shanghai-Hangzhou Area after Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 Taking the River Transportation Service of Daito Company as an Example

清政府因《马关条约》被迫向外国开放内河后,长期规觎中国内陆广阔市场的曰本民间资本,于列强中率先染指苏沪杭地区之内河航运业。1896年,白岩龙平创办的大东公司正式开辟沪苏线。此后在本国政府大力奥援下,又借“护邮”名义相继开辟沪杭、苏杭线,由此形成沪苏杭“小三角航线”。不仅如此,大东公司更利用“庚子事变”后中日新商约谈判之机,积极谋求日人在汽轮停靠各港及沿岸城市居住、经商之权。有政府巨额资助且受不平等条约保护的大东公司,在与华商同业的减价“商战”中逐步取得优势地位。1903年与戴生昌、招商局缔结的齐价合同中,大东更得以垄断苏(湖)杭线,成为最大获利方。

After the Qing government was forced to open its inland rivers to the foreign countries due to the Treaty of Shimonoseki,the Japanese private capitals,which had long coveted the vast market in interior of China,took the lead in the inland waterway transportation in Suzhou-Shanghai-Hangzhou area.In 1896,Daito Company which was founded by Shiroiwa Ryohei,officially opened the Shanghai-Suzhou line.Since then,under the strong support of the their government,the Hu-Hang and Su-Hang lines had been opened in the name of“Postal Service Protection”,thus forming a“small triangle route”between Shanghai and Suzhou.Moreover,Daito Company used the opportunity of the commercial treaty negotiation after“Gengzi Incident”to actively seek the rights of Japanese to live and do Business in Coastal Cities,and the right of Japanese steamships berthing at various docks.Daito Company,which was heavily funded by the government and protected by unequal treaties,had gradually gained a dominant position in the“commercial war”of price reduction with Chinese merchant.In 1903,in the same price contract with Dai Shengchang and China Merchants Steamship Company,Daito was able to monopolize the Su-Hang line and achieved maximum profit.