2016—2018年乐山市流感流行特征及两种抗原检测方法的比较

Epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Leshan city from 2016 to 2018 and comparison of two antigen detection methods

目的总结乐山市流感流行特征,比较两种流感病毒抗原检测方法的效果。方法采集2016—2018年乐山市各哨点医院门诊流感样病例的鼻咽拭子样本,分别用两种试剂盒(AG1和CV)检测流感病毒抗原,并用荧光PCR法确证。结果乐山市2016—2018年各哨点医院共报告流感样病例57739例,共检测鼻咽拭子样本6781份,流感病毒抗原阳性率为10.79%。男性流感病毒抗原阳性率高于女性,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);5~15岁组的流感病毒抗原阳性率最高,为13.98%,0~5岁组的阳性率最低,为5.87%,但不同年龄组的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经荧光PCR法检测的162份鼻咽拭子样本中,AG1法检出甲型流感病毒11份,乙型流感病毒92份;CV法检出甲型流感病毒12份,乙型流感病毒89份,AG1和CV法检测结果与荧光PCR的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。AG1和CV法检测流感病毒的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率均较高,对流感病毒的检测价值较高。结论乐山市5~15岁人群流感流行较为严重,应加强流感监测及防控力度;可采用AG1和CV法对流感样病例进行检测。

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Leshan city,and to compare two antigen detection methods for influenza virus.Methods The nasal and pharyngeal swabs of influenza-like illness(ILI)patients in outpatient clinics of sentinel hospitals in Leshan from 2016 to 2018 were collected.Two detection kits(AG1 and CV)were used to detect influenza virus antigen,and was confirmed by Real-time PCR.Results A total of 57739 ILI cases were reported from the sentinel hospitals in Leshan city,2016-2018,and 6781 nasal and pharyngeal swabs had been detected,the positive rate of influenza virus antigen was 10.79%.The positive rate of male was slightly higher than that of female,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05).The positive rate of5-15 years old group was the highest,13.98%,while the positive rate of 0-5 years old was the lowest,5.87%,but there was no significant difference in the positive rate among different age groups(P>0.05).Among the 162 samples confirmed by Real-time PCR,a total of 11 influenza A virus and 92 influenza B virus were detected by AG1 method.A total of 12 of influenza A virus and 89 influenza B virus were detected positive by CV method.There was no sig-nificant difference between the positive rate of AG1,CV method and Real-time PCR(P>0.05).The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy of detection by using AG1 and CV methods were all very high,with competitive detection value of influenza virus.Conclusion The incidence of influenza in the 5-15-year-old population was more serious in Leshan,it is necessary to strengthen the influenza surveillance and prevention and control.AG1 and CV methods could be used to detect influenza virus for ILI patients.