信贷管制何以影响农户信贷可得性?——以林权抵押贷款制度为经验证据

How Do Credit Restrictions Affect Farmers’Credit Availability?——Evidence from Forest Tenure Mortgage Loan System

为探究信贷管制的存在是否会抑制制度目标的实现,即信贷管制会影响农户的信贷可得性,文章以林权抵押贷款制度为例,检验了农村土地产权抵押贷款制度的信贷管制对农户信贷可得性的影响。在理论剖析了信贷管制对农户信贷可得性存在直接抑制效应、需求抑制效应以及价值抑制效应的基础上,运用集体林区6个重点林业县(市)林权抵押贷款政策文本与24个村465个样本农户调研数据,利用Ivprobit模型和中介效应模型分别对总效应和内在机制进行实证分析。结果表明,林权抵押贷款制度的信贷管制强度较高,且对农户信贷可得性呈现负向影响,未能缓解农户信贷约束问题。同时,内在机制检验结果发现直接抑制效应和价值抑制效应并存,但由于农户对林权抵押贷款制度不够熟悉,导致需求抑制效应未被证实。据此,文章认为应进一步完善农村土地产权流转服务体系,并在村级层面广泛宣传农村土地产权抵押贷款政策,多渠道增强农户信贷可得性。文章的研究结果不仅可为林权抵押贷款制度的具体改革提供理论依据与经验支撑,更能为提高农户收入水平、缩小收入差距及缓解贫困等"三农"问题的解决提供有益的政策参考。

In order to explore whether the existence of credit restrictions will inhibit the realization of the system objectives,that is,credit restrictions will affect the credit availability of farmers.Taking the Forest Tenure Mortgage Loan System as an example,this paper examines the influence of credit restriction of land property mortgage on farmers’credit availability.Based on the theoretically analysis that there exist three effects of credit restrictions on farmers’credit availability,including the direct inhibiting effect,the demand inhibiting effect and the value inhibiting effect,we use the restrictive policies on Forest Tenure Mortgage Loan of 6 key forestry counties(cities)in collective forest area and the survey data of 465 sample farmers in 24 villages,and respectively employ Ivprobit model and step-by-step method to explore the total and internal effects.The quantitative analysis shows that the credit restriction intensity of Forest Tenure Mortgage Loan is relatively high,and has a negative effect on farmers’credit availability,which fails to alleviate farmers’credit constraint.At the same time,we find that the credit restrictions of Land Property Mortgage Loan will not only directly restrict farmers’credit availability,but also have a negative effect on farmers’credit availability through influencing land property value.But demand inhibiting effect isn’t verified because of low degree of farmers’familiarity with Forest Tenure Mortgage Loan System.Accordingly,this paper argues that the transaction system of rural land property rights should be improved,and the policies of Land Property Mortgage Loan should be publicized at the village level,to enhance farmers’credit availability through multiple channels.The research results can not only provide theoretical basis and empirical support for the specific reform of the forest tenure mortgage loan system,but also provide a useful policy reference for solving the"three rural issues"such as raising farmers’income levels,narrowing income gaps and alleviating poverty.