三种昆虫油脂理化性质及脂肪酸组成的初步研究

A preliminary study of physicochemical properties and fatty acid in three kinds of insects lipid

随着养殖业的迅速发展,饲料资源相对短缺的状况日益严重。昆虫作为最大的生物类群,因其生物学特点和营养特性,作为非粮型饲料原料逐渐被人们关注。此试验对黑水虻油、黄粉虫油、蚕蛹油的碘价、酸价、过氧化值、皂化值及脂肪酸组成进行了测定分析。结果表明:三种昆虫油的酸价和过氧化值均低于国标值,且黑水虻油具有最低的酸价及最高的皂化值。脂肪酸组成结果表明,黑水虻油C12:0的含量最高(24.34%);黄粉虫油C18:2n-6的含量最高(42.65%);蚕蛹油C18:3n-3的含量最高(40.38%);三种昆虫油不饱和脂肪酸含量分别为51.53%、75.27%、67.57%。研究表明,三种昆虫油的氧化酸败程度都较低,且各以C12:0、C18:2n-6和C18:3n-3为特征性脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸含量均高于50%,作为水产饲料资源具有较大的开发潜力。

With the rapid development of the breeding industry in China,the shortage of feed resource is becoming increasingly serious.As the largest organism group,the insect begins to win people’s attention gradually as non-grain feed resource due to its biological and nutrient characteristics.The experiment tested the indexes mainly including the iodine value,acid value,the peroxide value,the saponification value and the fatty acid composition analysis for black soldier fly oil,yellow mealworm oil and silkworm pupa oil.The experiment result showed that the acid value and the peroxide value of three kinds of insect oils were lower than the standard values.The acid value of black soldier fly oil was lowest and the saponification value was highest among three kinds of insects.Fatty acid composition showed the content of C12:0 of black soldier fly oil is as high as 24.34%.Yellow mealworm oil had the highest content of C18:2n-6(42.65%).Silkworm pupa oil was abundant in C18:3n-3(40.38%).Among the three kinds of insect lipids,the unsaturated fatty acid content were 51.53%,75.27% and 67.57%.In conclusion,the degree of rancidity and oxidative of black soldier fly oil,yellow mealworm oil and silkworm pupa oil are relatively low and they are rich in unsaturated fatty acid,at least 50% of total fatty acid.Moreover,C12:0,C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 were the characteristic fatty acids of them,respectively,so they have tremendous potential in aquaculture feed resource development.