山区高速列车车体动态气密性阈值特征的数值模拟研究

Numerical Simulation Study on Dynamic Air-tightness Thresholds Characteristics of High-speed Train Body in Mountain Area High Speed Railway

由于高速列车通过隧道时产生较大压力波动,传入车内引起司乘人员出现耳感不适等问题,使得列车采用气密性车体技术和压力保护装置技术。气密性车体的应用对高速列车的制造和运营成本产生了较大影响,在满足车内压力舒适性标准前提下合理制定车体气密性指标是上述重要手段之一。针对我国山区高速铁路隧道长度特点,基于我国研制的时速350km标准动车组和国内隧道断面面积特点,在应用一维可压缩不等熵非定常流动模型的广义黎曼变量特征线方法获得大量工况列车通过隧道时的车内外压力波动特征前提下,归纳不同时间间隔标准下的编组长度、速度、隧道长度、时间常数对车内压力变化量的最大值影响规律,将车-隧系统进行耦合分析,提出针对不同时间间隔标准下密封列车车内压力的最不利隧道长度。依据中国、德国、UIC、ERRI不同标准的阈值要求计算列车时间常数,拟合出时间常数阈值随隧道长度增加的变化曲线,总结对比四种不同标准下时间常数阈值的理论数学关系式。

Due to the large pressure fluctuations caused by the high-speed train passing through the tunnel, the transient pressure changes transmit from the exterior to interior caused the problem of uncomfortable feelings of the passengers, which makes high-speed trains use airness body and pressure protection technology. It has significant to design the airtightness threshold under the premise of pressure comfort criteria of the train. Aiming at the characteristics of high-speed railway tunnel lengths in mountainous areas of China, a large number of working conditions when the train pass through the tunnel are obtained under the premise of the method of generalized Riemann variables characteristics of one-dimensional, compressible, non-constant and unsteady flow model, and the effects of train-length, speed, tunnel length and tightness coefficient are summarized. The coupling analysis of the train-tunnel system is carried out and the most unfavorable tunnel length of internal pressure are proposed for different time interval criterial. According to the threshold requirements of different criteria of China, Germany, UIC and ERRI, the train air-tightness threshold is calculated, and the curve of the time constant threshold increasing with the tunnel length is fitted. The theoretical mathematical relationships between the air tightness threshold under four different standards are summarized and compared.