可降解保水剂的制备及降解性能研究

Study on preparation and performance of degradable WRA

采用水溶液聚合法,以丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、海藻酸钠、高岭土、纳米TiO2和长链季铵盐为原料,N,N-二甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸钾为引发剂,制备可降解保水剂(WRA),研究了反应条件对保水剂降解性能的影响。结果表明:海藻酸钠能够提高保水剂的生物降解性,海藻酸钠用量为单体总质量的0~12%时,保水剂在土壤中90d的降解率从3%增加到25%;TiO2能够显著的提高保水剂的光降解速率,保水剂中TiO2用量为单体总质量的0~2%,在紫外灯下照射40d,保水剂的降解率从8.60%增加到18.48%,但TiO2基本不影响保水剂的生物降解速率;长链季铵盐能够提高保水剂的抗菌性,延缓和控制保水剂的生物降解速率,可以通过控制长链季铵盐的用量,调节保水剂的降解速率来延长保水剂的使用寿命。

Using acrylic acid,acrylamide,sodium alginate,kaolin,nanometer titanium dioxide and long-chain quaternary ammonium salt as raw materials,N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide as crosslinking agent and potassium persulfate as initiator,the degradable water-retaining agent(WRA)was prepared by aqueous solution polymerization.The influence of reaction conditions on the degradability of polymers were studied.The results showed that sodium alginate improved the biodegradability of the WRA,the degradation rate rised significantly with the increase of SA,the amount of SA was about 12%of total weight,the degradation ratio reached over 25%in soil after 90days.Titanium dioxide significantly increased the photodegradation rate of the WRA,with the increase of concentration from 0to 2%,the degradation ratio increased from 8.60%to 18.48%,but had no effect on the biodegradation rate.The long-chain quaternary ammonium salt improved the antibacterial activity of the WRA and delayed and controled the biodegradation rate,the degradation rate of WRA can be adjusted by controlling the amount of long chain quaternary ammonium salt to prolong the service life.