玉米秸秆还田深度及腐熟菌对虫害的防控效果研究

Prevention and Control Effect on Insect Pests of Different Straw Decay-promoting Agent and Maize Straw Returning Depth

为研究秸秆促腐熟制剂的应用效果,采取小区试验和大面积试验相结合的研究方法,于不同秸秆还田深度(10,20和30 cm)下,开展不同腐熟菌剂(A、B、C)喷施玉米秸秆还田后的虫害发生规律研究,比较不同菌剂对玉米虫害防控效果的差异性,筛选出最佳防治玉米虫害的腐解菌剂喷施秸秆后的还田深度。结果表明:不同还田深度的各处理之间食叶害虫为害程度差异显著(P<0.05),同一深度不同菌剂之间的食叶害虫为害程度差异显著(P<0.05)。秸秆还田10 cm菌剂A与对照1相比没有达到降低平均虫害指数的效果,秸秆还田20 cm喷施菌剂C处理的平均虫害指数最低为17.08,较对照2降低了28.92%。菌剂B在秸秆还田10 cm时具有降低平均虫害指数的效果。秸秆覆盖还田可以增加玉米螟越冬基数,秸秆深翻还田20和30 cm在一定程度上抑制玉米螟为害程度,百株虫量较对照(秸秆焚烧处理)显著性降低(P<0.05)。不同菌剂喷施后,可以在一定程度上减少玉米螟的发生数量,但减少玉米螟数量的效果不明显。秸秆深翻还田20~30 cm是有效抑制虫害发生的相对较好的措施。

In order to study the effect of straw decay-promoting agent,a field experiment was carried out in different depth(10,20 and 30 cm),the occurrence regularity of insect pests after spraying different kinds of straw decay-promoting agent(A,B and C)was studied,and the control effect of different straw decay-promoting agentes on corn insect pests was compared,the optimum depth of returning corn straw to field after spraying the straw decay-promoting agent to control corn pests was selected.The results showed that there were significant differences in the degree of damage caused by leaf-eating pests among the treatments with different depth of returning field(P<0.05),and there were significant differences in the degree of damage caused by leaf-eating pests among different straw decay-promoting agentes at the same depth (P<0.05).The results showed that 10 cm inoculant a could not reduce the average pest index,and the lowest pest index of 20 cm inoculant C was 17.08,which was 28.92%lower than CK 2.Inoculant B could reduce the average pest index when the straw was returned to the field 10 cm.Straw mulching could increase the overwintering number of corn borer.20 cm and 30 cm of straw returing could restrain the damage of corn borer to some extent,the rate of damaged plants and the number of insects per 100 plants were significantly lower than that of the control(straw burning)(P<0.05).The number of corn borer could be reduced to some extent by spraying straw decay-promoting agent,but the effect of reducing the number of corn borer was not obvious.Straw deep turning and returning 20 cm^30 cm was a relatively good measure to control insect pests effectively.