美国毛泽东研究“心理历史学派”的批判性透视

A Critical Perspective of“Psychohistory School”in America's Mao Zedong Study

美国毛泽东研究“心理历史学派”有革命不朽、文化心理和心理传记三种主要分析模型。“心理历史学派”从表面上看追求心理和历史的互动,是唯物史观分析框架的有益补充;实际上,其援引的精神分析理论和心理史学从根本上违背了一元论的历史唯物主义。这要求我们自觉规避对“心理历史学派”的外在批判,深入其内在理路有的放矢,同时正视“心理历史学派”的方法论启发,使之成为深化毛泽东及其思想研究的有益资源。

The“psychohistory school”of America's Mao Zedong study has three major analysis models,that is revolutionary immortality,cultural psychology,and psychological biography.Superficially,the“psychohistory school”pursues the interaction between psychology and history,and sees psychoanalysis as a useful supplement to the historical materialistic analysis framework.In fact,the psychoanalytic theory and psychohistory cited by it are fundamentally contrary to the historical materialism.This requires us to consciously evade the external criticism of the“psychohistory school”,delve into its inner rationale,and face up to the methodological inspiration of the“psychohistory school”,making it a useful resource for deepening the researches of Mao Zedong and his thoughts.