曹操军事生涯中的“义利观”

On the“Morality and Benefit Concept”during Cao Cao’s Military Career

《孙子兵法》云“兵以诈立,以利动,以分合为变者也。”而东汉末年,曹操在讨伐董卓联盟中首倡“兵以义动”,这虽是在当时特殊“讨逆”条件下提出,但“利动”与“义动”结合观念,贯穿曹操军事生涯始终。“义动”既是曹操胸怀天下、希望结束战乱、实现百姓安居乐业的方式,又是达到“利动”的手段。曹操的“义利观”集中体现了身处当时战乱、分裂、中央集权衰落背景下曹操政治、军事思想与切身体验结合,是其理论与实用性统一。

It is said in The Art of War that“the use of troops is based on the use of trickery to win strange soldiers,the decision to act is based on whether it is conducive to victory,and the change of the division or concentration of the soldiers is based on the situation of the two sides.”In late Eastern Han Dynasty,Cao Cao first advocated“the decision to act should be based on whether it is moral”during the discussion with Dong Zhuo Union.Although it was proposed under the condition of“fighting with the rebellion”,the concept of combining“benefit”and“morality”has been running through Cao Cao’s military career.“Morality”is not only the way for Cao Cao to embrace the world,hoping to end the war and realize people’s livelihood and prosperity,but also the means to achieve“benefit”.The combination of Cao Cao’s political and military thoughts and personal experience under the background of wars,divisions,and the decline of centralization at that time is the unification of his theory and practicality.