基于有限元的商用车盘式制动器优化设计

Optimization Design of Disc Brake of Commercial Vehicle Based on Finite Element Method

随着我国汽车工业的快速发展,商用车的设计研究越来越多,这类车辆的载重质量相对普通乘用车要大得多,出现意外导致的后果也更严重,因此增强商用车的行车安全性是亟待解决的问题。以一款盘式制动器为主要研究对象,利用UG软件建立盘式制动器的三维模型,将主要部件导入有限元软件ANSYS中,对盘式制动器的钳体、钳体衬块、摩擦衬块和通风制动盘进行正常工况下的静力学分析,同时对通风制动盘进行紧急制动工况下的应力场和温度场的热结构耦合分析,找到优化解决方案。根据分析结果将直通风槽改为弯通风槽,重复上述仿真实验进行验证,发现使用弯通风槽的制动盘散热效果较直通风槽制动盘提升明显,这可为盘式制动器的优化设计提供理论基础。

With the rapid development of automobile industry in China,more and more research has been done on the design of commercial vehicles.The weight of such vehicles is much larger than that of ordinary passenger vehicles,and the consequences caused by accidents are more serious.Therefore,enhancing the driving safety of commercial vehicles is an urgent problem to be solved.Taking a certain disc brake as the main research object,a three-dimensional model of disc brake is established by using UG software,the main components are imported into the finite element software ANSYS,then stress situation of the brake disc under normal and emergency braking conditions is calculated,and the structural strength of the components under static force is analyzed.The stress field and temperature field are solved,and the optimal solution is found.According to the analysis results,and the straight through air slot is changed into the curved ventilation slot,and the simulation experiment is repeated to verify.It is found that the heat dissipation effect of the brake disc with the curved ventilation slot is significantly higher than that with the straight through air slot,which provides the theoretical basis for the optimal design of the disc brake.