乌鲁木齐市三甲医院护士心理资本在社会支持与离职意愿间的中介效应分析

Mediating effects of psychological capital between social support and turnover intention in nurses of Class Ⅲ Grade A hospitals in Urumqi

目的调查三甲医院护士离职意愿水平,探讨护士心理资本、社会支持和离职意愿之间的相关关系和相互作用。方法于2018年1—8月采用一般人口学问卷、心理资本中文版量表、社会支持评定量表、离职意愿量表对乌鲁木齐市3家三甲医院的2600名护士进行问卷调查,其完成有效问卷2345份。应用结构方程模型分析护士心理资本在社会支持与离职意愿路径中的中介效应。结果2345名护士心理资本、社会支持和离职意愿的总分分别为(86.30±8.99)、(41.17±7.68)、(14.39±3.63)分。相关性分析结果显示,护士社会支持、心理资本与离职意愿得分呈负相关(P<0.05)。结构方程模型分析结果显示,心理资本在社会支持与离职意愿之间存在中介效应,中介效应占总效应的比例为38.2%。结论三甲医院护士离职意愿水平较高,护理管理者可以通过提高护士社会支持及心理资本水平降低护士的离职意愿。

Objective To investigate the level of nurses'turnover intention in ClassⅢGrade A hospitals,and explore the correlation and interaction between nurses'psychological capital,social support,and turnover intention.Methods Totally 2600 nurses from 3 ClassⅢGrade A hospitals in Urumqi were selected for questionnaire survey with the general demographic information questionnaire,Psychological Capital Questionnaire(PCQ),Social Support Scale(SSS),and Turnover Intention Scale(TIS)between January and August 2018.Totally 2345 valid questionnaires were recovered.The structural equation model was used to analyze the mediating effect of nurses'psychological capital in the path of social support and turnover intention.Results The total scores of 2345 nurses'psychological capital,social support,and turnover intention were(86.30±8.99),(41.17±7.68),and(14.39±3.63),respectively.The correlation analysis showed that nurses'social support and psychological capital scores were negatively correlated with their turnover intention score(P<0.05).The structural equation model analysis revealed that psychological capital had a mediating effect between social support and turnover intention,and the mediating effect accounted for 38.2%of the total effect.Conclusions Nurses in ClassⅢGrade A hospitals have a high level of turnover intention.Nursing managers may reduce nurses'turnover intention by improving their social support and psychological capital.