中国制造业突围——基于资源禀赋与出口结构变迁视角

INDUSTRIAL RISE OF GREAT POWERS: RESOURCE ENDOWMENT AND THE CHANGE OF EXPORT STRUCTURE

自2001年中国加入WTO以来,中国对外经济与贸易发展迅速,出口结构逐步优化。最近3年以来,随着国际上逆全球化、民粹主义暗流汹涌,我国一方面坚持全球化战略,另一方面也不得不积极应对全球化发展过程中我国出口结构面临的挑战。本文通过分析我国在出口过程中面临的机遇与挑战,运用RCA(显性比较优势指数)相关理论,将我国出口结构中资源密集型产业、劳动力密集型产业以及资本与技术服务密集型产业的RCA指数与日本、东盟的RCA指数进行对比,并计算我国高新技术产品与劳动力密集型产业的剪刀差,以及将劳动力密集型产业与高新技术产品出口额占比情况进行对比,分析我国比较优势存在的刚性及其负面影响,并从理论上阐释了比较优势刚性存在的原因、中国比较优势产业结构的变化以及如何实现我国产业升级,并针对该问题提出相应的解决方案和优化决策。

Since China joined the WTO in 2001, China’s foreign economy and trade have developed rapidly and its export structure has been gradually optimized. In the past three years, with the surging of anti-globalization and nationalism, China has not only adhered to the globalization strategy, but also had to face the challenges of China’s export structure in the process of globalization. Based on the analysis of our country faced in the process of export opportunities and challenges, using relevant theories of RCA(dominant comparative advantage index), China’s export structure in labor-intensive industries and resource-intensive industries, capital and technology intensive service industry of RCA index compared with Japan, ASEAN, and calculate scissors difference about the high and new technology products and labor-intensive industries in our country, and the labor-intensive industry with high-tech products exports accounted for comparison, analysis of our country’s comparative advantage exist rigid and its negative influence, and theoretically explained the reason for the existence of the comparative advantages of rigid, The change of the industrial structure of China’s comparative advantage and how to realize the industrial upgrading in China are discussed.