中国西藏与不丹之间传统贸易的三种模式

Three Modes of Traditional Trade between China’s Tibet and Bhutan

1959年之前中国西藏与不丹之间的传统贸易前人研究不多。文章利用藏汉文历史档案,再现了历史上中国西藏与不丹帕里、萨布(隆东)、拉康三地的贸易状况。认为这些地点的边境贸易根据地理特征、交通条件、双边社区间距离等因素形成了不同的模式:帕里的特点是“飞鸟归巢”,使不丹商户与帕里居民结成固定关系;萨布(隆东)则以定期集市为特征;而拉康则形成了一定规模的代理贸易。今天在建设“一带一路”背景下加强与南亚的经济交流,历史上这种因地制宜、灵活多变的贸易模式,对新时期“一带一路”背景下加强与南亚地区间的交流,很有借鉴意义。

The traditional trades between China’s Tibet and Bhutan before 1959 are barely known.This article uses historical achieves to represent the trade between China’s Tibet and Bhutan in three places—phag-ri,sa-sbug(later move to klung-brdol),Lha-khang.Due to geographic feature,transportation condition,distance between bilateral communities,the trade in each place had a unique mode:phag-ri mode was“bya-rnams tshang-vbab”(means birds come to nest),each Bhutan client had a Tibetan resident to connect.Sa-sbug mode was periodical market.Lha-khang formed agent trade to some scale.Under today’s“the Belt and Road Initiative”background,improving the economic communication with south Asian countries needs to borrow some experience from historical varied trade mode.