小于胎龄儿与适于胎龄儿宫外生长状况研究

Comparative study of extrauterine growth between small for gestational age infant and appropriate for gestational age infant

目的探讨足月小于胎龄儿(SGA)与早产适于胎龄儿(AGA)的体格生长规律,为临床进行有效干预提供依据。方法对选取的396例足月小于胎龄儿和472例早产适于胎龄儿在选取的5个点的体质量和身长进行比较并分析营养性疾病的发生情况。结果足月SGA与早产AGA性别比例、出生体质量及身长均无显著性差异(均P>0.05);早产AGA身长、体质量2岁、3岁时优于足月SGA,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在24月、36月足月SGA组生长迟缓,检出率均高于早产AGA组;在18月、24月足月SGA组低体质量检出率高于AGA组,36月时足月SGA组检出率高于早产AGA组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论早产AGA生长状况优于足月SGA,针对不同类型儿童生长发育特点,给予营养和喂养指导,以实现小儿的追赶生长,弥补其与正常出生胎龄、体质量儿童的差异,达到理想生长是儿童保健工作者应该重视的关键问题。

Objective To explore the growth patterns between full-term small for gestational age infant( SGA) and premature appropriate for gestational age infant( AGA) to provide references for clinical intervention. Methods The study compares the weight and length of 396 full-term SGA and 472 premature AGA at the 5 selected points and analyzes the incidence of nutritional diseases. Results The difference of sex ratio,birth weight and length between two groups was not statistically significant( all P>0. 05). Premature AGA is superior to full-term SGA in length and weight at the age of 2 and 3 with significant difference,and the detection rate of growth retardation in fullterm SGA at 2 and 3 years old was higher than that in premature AGA,and the detection rate of low body weight in full-term SGA was higher than that in preterm AGA at 18 and 24 months. At the age of 3,the detection rate of obesity in full-term SGA was higher than that in premature AGA with significant difference( all P < 0. 05). Conclusion The growth of premature AGA was better than that of full-term SGA. Understanding the characteristics of children’s growth and development and the particularity of nutrient requirements at different stages is the key to provide proper nutritional support in clinic.