婴幼儿喘息进展为支气管哮喘的影响因素分析

The analysis of the influence factors of the bronchial asthma in the bronchial asthma

目的分析婴幼儿喘息进展为支气管哮喘的影响因素。方法选取该院2018年2月-2019年9月收治的846例喘息患儿为研究对象,所有患儿入组后均对其进行为期1年的随访。于随访第1个月、3个月、9个月、12个月分别对患儿进行实验室检查,结合实验室检查结果,将其分为支气管哮喘组与非支气管哮喘组,统计所有患儿临床资料,包括性别、年龄、是否早产、生产方式、有无呼吸道病毒感染、基线过敏原、父母过敏史、被动吸烟、家族哮喘史、家中采暖等,指出导致婴幼儿喘息进展为支气管哮喘的危险因素。结果入选846例喘息患儿中,有210例患儿发生支气管哮喘,占24.82%;有636例未发生支气管哮喘,占75.18%。单因素分析显示,支气管哮喘组患儿在年龄、性别、生产方式等方面与非支气管哮喘组患儿相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);支气管哮喘组患儿在早产、呼吸道病毒感染、基线过敏原、父母吸烟史、被动吸烟、家族哮喘史、家中采暖、嗜酸粒细胞升高、呼出气一氧化氮(Fe NO)浓度等方面与非支气管哮喘组患儿相比,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。经Logistic多因素分析,早产、呼吸道病毒感染、基线过敏原、父母过敏史、被动吸烟、家族哮喘史、家中采暖、嗜酸粒细胞升高、Fe NO浓度升高是导致婴幼儿喘息进展为支气管哮喘的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论早产、呼吸道病毒感染、基线过敏原、父母过敏史、被动吸烟、家族哮喘史、家中采暖、嗜酸粒细胞升高、Fe NO浓度升高是导致婴幼儿喘息进展为支气管哮喘的危险因素,针对喘息疾病需早期治疗,日常生活中应采取有效预防措施,以期降低支气管哮喘发生率,改善患儿预后效果。

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of wheezing progress in infants and young children with bronchial asthma.Methods From February 2018 to September 2019,846 children with wheezing were followed up for one year.The children were followed up for 1 month,3 months,9 September and 12 months respectively.Combined with the results of laboratory examination,all the children were divided into bronchial asthma group and non-bronchial asthma group.The clinical data of all children,including sex,age,premature delivery,mode of production,respiratory tract virus infection,baseline allergen,parental allergy history,passive smoking,family asthma history,home heating and so on,were analyzed.It is pointed out that wheezing progress in infants and young children is a risk factor for bronchial asthma.Results Among 846 children with wheezing,210(24.82%)had bronchial asthma and 636(75.18%)had no bronchial asthma.Univariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference in age,sex and mode of production between bronchial asthma group and non-bronchial asthma group(P>0.05).There were significant differences in premature delivery,respiratory virus infection,baseline allergen,parental smoking history,passive smoking,family asthma history,home heating,increase of eosinophils and FeNO con-centration between the bronchial asthma group and the non-bronchial asthma group(P<0.05).Logistic multivariate analysis showed that premature delivery,respiratory virus infection,baseline allergen,parental allergy history,passive smoking,family asthma history,home heating,increase of eosinophils and increased FeNO concentration were the risk factors leading to asthma in infants and young children(OR>1,P<0.05).Conclusion Premature delivery,respiratory virus infection,base line allergen,parental allergy history,passive smoking,family asthma history,home heating,increased FeNO concentration are the risk factors leading to the progress of asthma in infants and young children.Early treatment is needed for wheezing diseases,and effective preventive measures should be taken in daily life in order to reduce the incidence of bronchial asthma and improve the prognosis of children.