土地确权对农户地权稳定性感知的影响——基于村庄内土地不平等视角的分析

The influences of land right confirmation on farmers’perception of land tenure stability:An analysis from the perspective of land inequality in villages

稳定的农地产权能够激励农户农地投资,有助于促进农地资源可持续利用和农业可持续发展。土地确权是稳定农地产权的重要正式制度安排,即稳定地权是新一轮土地确权承载的重要功能。基于诱致性制度变迁理论和社会心理学理论,以黄土高原苹果优势区为研究对象,利用实地调研数据,采用Logit和Ologit模型,从村庄内家庭土地不平等视角分析土地确权对农户地权稳定性感知的影响及其作用机制,探讨新一轮农地确权的地权稳定效应。结果表明,在研究区域,33.79%的农户已完成新一轮土地确权颁证,62.64%的农户认为研究地块在未来不会被重新调整,即感知的地权稳定性水平较高。新一轮土地确权显著强化了农户的地权稳定性感知,且在控制村庄内土地不平等的情境中具有更高的强化效果;村庄内家庭土地不平等对农户地权稳定性感知具有显著的弱化效应,且土地不平等在土地确权对农户地权稳定性感知的影响中具有负向调节作用。因此,在"三权分置"产权制度改革中,政府应重视规范土地确权程序,加强产权制度改革宣传和信息披露,同时,注重以政策调整和市场配置相结合的方式,降低土地不平等造成的负面影响,强化土地产权制度改革的政策效果。

Stable land tenure can encourage farmland investment of farmers and contribute significantly to promote the sustainable use of farmland resources and the sustainable development of agriculture.Land right confirmation is an important formal institutional arrangement that stabilizes land tenure.Therefore,stabilizing land tenure is an important function of land right confirmation.Based on a field survey data from the advantageous apple producing area in the Loess Plateau and applying the theory of induced institutional change and the theory of social psychology,this paper investigated the influences and the mechanism of the land right confirmation on the farmers’ perception of land tenure stability from the perspective of family land inequality in villages,and explored the land tenure stabilization effect of the new round of land right confirmation by the Logit model and the Ologit model.Results show that 33.79% of surveyed farmers have completed the new round of land right confirmation,and 62.64% of them believe that the research plot will not be readjusted in the future,that is,the land tenure perceived by farmers are stable.The new round of land right confirmation has significantly strengthened farmers’ perception of land tenure stability and it has a stronger strengthening effect in the situation that controlled land inequality in villages.While the family land inequality in villages has a weakening effect on the perception of land tenure stability and the family land inequality in village has a negative regulation effect on the impact of land right confirmation on the farmers’ perception of land tenure stability.For the further reform of the land right system of "the separation of three rights",the government should attach importance to standardizing the procedures of land right confirmation and strengthening the publicity and information disclosure of land property system reform.At the same time,the policy makers should focus on the combination of policy adjustment and market allocation to reduce the negative impacts of land endowment inequality and to strengthen the policy effect of land property right reform.