数字合作社:产销融合的农业智能系统

Digital cooperatives: Agricultural intelligent system integrating production and market

产销信息不对称,缺乏资金、知识和经验是小规模农户发展的障碍。作为互助性经济组织,农业合作社的经营受气候、市场和农户水平等自然、经济和社会因素的影响。如何贯通产销信息,并基于需求精细核算成本和组织生产,是合作社经营的重要内容。本文借鉴工业领域数字双胞胎的思想,基于平行智能系统的描述、预测和引导,提出合作社数字四胞胎(数字合作社)的构想,服务合作社规划、准备、生产和评估的各个环节。同时对数字合作社的整体方案、系统设计及其关键技术等进行了描述,并对数字合作社的用户及其运行机制进行了探讨。数字合作社系统框架包括数据感知、决策支持和决策实施,其核心智能技术包括作物建模、动态规划、区块链技术、机器学习等。以有机水稻种植为例,简述了合作社成本分析、种植规划、远程种植可视化等过程,模拟水稻定制种植的场景,以此说明数字合作社的部分功能。数字合作社的概念可为面向合作社的信息系统开发提供方向。鉴于目前以小农经济为主、合作社为主要经营主体的现状,数字合作社系统有助于提升从业者的经营能力,助力小农户对接大市场,提升农业物理社会经济系统的整体效率。

The development of small-scale farmers face several obstacles,including the information asymmetry between production and marketing,and the lack of funds,knowledge and experience.Being a cooperative economic organization,the management of agronomic cooperative is influenced by natural,social and economic factors such as the climate conditions,market price,and the ability of farmers.The operation of the cooperative depend mainly on how to connect the information between production and market,evaluate the cost precisely,and organize the production according to the requirement.Learning from the idea of digital twins in industrial field,this paper proposes the concept of digital quads (digital cooperatives) based on the description,prediction,and prescription of parallel intelligent systems.The proposed digital cooperatives serve the cooperative management including planning,preparation,production,assessment,etc.This paper introduces the frame,design and key technologies of digital cooperatives,and discusses the potential user types and operation mechanism.The system consists of data sensing,decision support and decision execution,and the key intelligent technologies include plant modeling,crop planning,block-chain,machine leaning,etc.Taking organic rice cultivation as an example,this paper briefly describes the whole process of cost analysis,crop planning,and visualization of remote planting for cooperatives.The simulation of the contract production process illustrate part functions of cooperative managers.The concept of digital cooperative can provide guidance for the development of cooperative-oriented information systems.Due to the situation that small-scale agronomical economics dominate,and cooperatives are main managing bodies,the digital cooperative is helpful in promoting the capacity of manager,supporting the small-scale farmers to reach big market,and augmenting the overall efficiency of the agricultural physical social economical system.