基于人员疏散特征的商场火灾应急管理策略研究

Research on fire emergency management strategy of emporium based on evacuation characteristics

分析商场火灾特点并进行商场火灾风险分析。以广东省茂名市某商场为原型,建立基于Dijkstra算法的商场疏散模型,计算疏散时间,分析影响应急疏散的关键因素,从商场环境布局与管理、人员疏散指挥、火灾应急演练等三个方面优化商场火灾应急管理策略。研究结果表明:商场三个楼层的最短疏散时间分别为83.1、85.5、145.6 s,采取优化措施后示例区域的平均疏散时间减少了8.9 s,优化率18.6%。研究可为商场应急管理和公共安全建设提供理论支持。

The fire characteristics of emporium were analyzed.The fire safety analysis of emporium was conducted.A typical empori⁃um in Maoming,Guangdong is selected as the prototype to build evacuation model based on Dijkstra algorithm.The evacuation time was calculated.The factors affecting the evacuation were analyzed.In points ofthe layout and management,evacuation guidance,and fire emergency drill of the emporium,the fire emergency management strategy was optimized. It is found that the shortest evacuation time of the three floors is 83.1, 85.5, 145.6 s respectively, and the example area evacuation time is reduced by 8.9 s after taking optimization measures, the optimization rate was 18.6%.This study is meaningful to improve the emergency handling capacity of emporiums and enhance public safety environment.