基于BIM技术的高层火灾应急疏散研究

Research on emergency evacuation of high-rise fires based on BIM technology

为减少拥堵发生概率,合理配置逃生出口利用率,提升高层公共建筑应急管理信息化与现代化能力,采用BIM技术构建参数化信息模型,应用火灾动力学软件(Pyrosim、Pathfinder)对某教学楼的火灾场景、人员疏散情况进行数值模拟,并对疏散方案重新规划。模拟结果表明:基于信息整合与可视化分析后的疏散引导策略将疏散时长缩短48.04 s,将整体疏散效率提高9.72%。BIM技术的路径重规划能够进一步满足火灾疏散安全性与科学性要求。

In order to reduce the probability of congestion,rationally configure the utilization rate of escape exits and enhance the informatization and modernization capabilities of emergency management of high-rise public buildings,this paper uses BIM technology to build a parametric information model,and uses fire dynamics software(Pyrosim,Pathfinder)to perform numerical simulation on the fire scene and evacuation of an academic building,and re plan the evacuation plan.The simulation results show that the evacuation guidance strategy based on information integration and visual analysis will shorten the evacuation duration by 48.04 s and increase the overall evacuation efficiency by 9.72%.The path replanning of BIM technology can further meet the safety and scientific requirements of fire evacuation.