女性人群知晓烟草危害知识的调查分析

An investigation of awareness of health risks of smoking among females

目的探讨女性人群知晓烟草暴露的健康危害及控烟知识情况。方法选取2018年4月和2019年4月全国肿瘤防治宣传周期间参加中国医学科学院肿瘤医院肿瘤防治知识咨询的女性人群为研究对象。采用统一培训和匿名方式,对参加肿瘤防治咨询的女性人群进行问卷调查,并进行统计分析。结果在415名调查对象中,从不吸烟者404名,曾经或现在吸烟者11名;家庭成员无吸烟者236名,有吸烟者179名。调查对象控烟知识总知晓评分为61.52分。对各项控烟知识的平均知晓率为10.3%~95.4%;高于80%的控烟知识有8个,低于60%的控烟知识有11个。按调查对象家庭成员是否有人吸烟分组:有吸烟组支持公共场所应禁止吸烟的比例(97.8%)高于无吸烟组(93.6%),有吸烟组认同应该劝告家属、亲友或同事不要吸烟的比例(98.3%)高于无吸烟组(92.8%),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。吸烟者仅有决心戒烟不一定就能成功戒烟的知晓率仅为10.3%。结论女性被动吸烟除损害自身健康外,还会直接或间接影响下一代的生命健康。全面了解吸烟对肿瘤的危害,准确掌握控烟知识要点,对照护患者康复和加强自身防病能力有较大帮助。

Objective To study the awareness of health risks of smoking and knowledge on smoking control among females.Methods Females who participated consultation in knowledge on prevention and treatment of cancer conducted by Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Cancer Hospital were selected from April 2018 to April 2019.They unifiedly received training and anonymous questionnaires for statistical analysis.Results Among the 415 respondents,404 respondents were non-smokers,11 were current smokers or ex-smokers,236 had non-smoking family members and 179 had smoking family members.The overall score of awareness of smoking control was 61.52.The average awareness rate of smoking control is 10.3%to 95.4%.There are 8 kinds of knowledge on smoking control above 80%,and 11 kinds of knowledge on smoking control below 60%.More respondents with a smoker family(97.8%)supported bans on smoking in public places than respondents without a smoker family(93.6%)and more respondents(98.3%)with a smoker family approved their relatives,friends and colleagues should be given advices of quiting smoking than respondents without a smoker family(92.8%)(all P<0.05).The awareness rate of’quit smoking may not be successful only by smoker’s willing’was only 10.3%.Conclusion Besides damaging their own health,passive smoking in female can directly or indirectly affect the life and health of the next generation.For cancer patients’relatives,it is very helpful to understand the influence of smoking on cancer and get the main points of knowledge on smoking control.