腺苷脱氨酶的免疫调节功能研究进展

Research progress in the immunomodulatory function of adenosine deaminase

腺苷是体内一种嘌呤核苷,具有多种生物学功能,同时也是一种重要的免疫调节因子,对免疫细胞尤其是淋巴细胞的分化、成熟、迁移具有重要作用。腺苷与细胞膜上不同的受体结合产生不同的效应,细胞外腺苷水平是决定激活受体亚型的关键因素,受合成、转运和代谢的影响,并且与组织能量状态密切相关。腺苷脱氨酶作为腺苷代谢通路的关键酶,有多项研究证实其能够通过调节细胞外腺苷水平影响腺苷的免疫功能。过去对于腺苷脱氨酶的研究主要集中在酶活性方面,近年来的研究发现了腺苷脱氨酶的其他重要功能,将其归为兼职功能蛋白。腺苷脱氨酶与细胞表面的锚定蛋白CD26、腺苷受体结合后,影响免疫细胞的发育成熟、增殖分化、功能活化等,独立于其催化功能发挥免疫调节功能。近年来腺苷脱氨酶的免疫调节功能受到越来越多的关注,本文回顾了有关腺苷脱氨酶调节免疫系统功能的新进展。

Adenosine,a purine nucleoside present in human cells,has a variety of biological functions and serves as an important immune regulator.It plays an important role in the differentiation,maturation and migration of immune cells,especially lymphocytes.Adenosine could bind to different receptors on the cell membrane to produce different effects.Extracellular adenosine level is a key factor in determining the subtypes of receptor.It is affected by synthesis,transport and metabolism,and closely related to the tissue energy state.As a key enzyme in adenosine metabolism pathway,adenosine deaminase has been proved to affect the immune function of adenosine by regulating extracellular adenosine level.In the past,researches on adenosine deaminase mainly focused on enzyme activity.In recent years,researchers have found other important functions of adenosine deaminase and classify it as moonlighting protein.Adenosine deaminase affects the development,proliferation,differentiation and functional activation of immune cells by binding to the anchoring proteins CD26 and adenosine receptors on the cell surface,exerting immune regulatory functions independently of its catalytic functions.In recent years,the immunomodulatory functions of adenosine deaminase have attracted increasing attention.This paper reviewed the new progress in the regulatory functions of adenosine deaminase in the immune system.