北京市18~65岁居民戒烟意愿、吸烟危害认知及其对吸烟情况的影响

Study on intention of smoking concession,awareness of smoking hazards and impact on smoking status in residents aged 18-65 years in Beijing

目的了解北京市18~65岁居民吸烟危害认知水平及戒烟意愿,对控烟工作及相关政策措施的制定完善实施提供科学依据。方法数据来自2017年北京市成人慢性病及其危险因素监测,以多阶段分层整群的抽样方法在北京市16个区165个村/居抽取调查对象进行调查,采用logistic回归进行多因素分析。结果11594例有效样本中,49.93%不想戒烟,男性不想戒烟者比例为50.39%,女性为43.01%,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=14.211,P=0.002),郊区为56.78%,城区为45.30%,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=51.977,P<0.001)。吸烟者与戒烟者戒烟动机中,因所患疾病原因,戒烟者中比例(29.88%)高于吸烟者(11.50%),差异有统计学意义(χ^2=85.865,P<0.001)。吸烟危害认知较好女性的比例(34.97%)高于男性(32.63%),差异有统计学意义(Z=5.612,P<0.001);郊区的比例(35.44%)高于城区(33.03%),差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.734,P<0.001);从不吸烟者的比例(35.15%)高于吸烟者(30.06%),差异有统计学意义(χ^2=62.277,P=0.005)。多因素logistic回归结果显示,认知一般者(OR=0.61,95%CI:0.39~0.94)与认知较差者(OR=0.67,95%CI:0.50~0.90)不易产生戒烟行为,认知一般者(OR=0.64,95%CI:0.53~0.76)与认知较差者(OR=0.87,95%CI:0.78~0.98)更易产生吸烟行为。结论北京市18~65岁吸烟者戒烟意愿较低,戒烟动机主要出于健康考虑,从不吸烟者吸烟危害认知优于吸烟者,吸烟危害认知是吸烟情况的影响因素。

Objective To understand the awareness of smoking hazards and intention of smoking concession in residents aged 18-65 years in Beijing,and provide scientific evidence for the development and improvement of tobacco control policies and measures.Methods Data were collected from the 2017 Beijing Non-communicable and Chronic Disease surveillance.A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to take samples from 165 communities in 16 districts of Beijing.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors.Results Among 11594 participants,49.93%had no intention of smoking concession.The percentage of refusing smoking concession was higher in men(50.39%)than in women(43.01%),the difference was significant(χ^2=14.211,P=0.002),and higher in suburban residents(56.78%)than in urban residents(45.30%),the difference was significant(χ^2=51.977,P<0.001).For the smoking cessation motivation,"illness"was the reason for more former smokers(29.88%)compared with current smokers(11.50%),the difference was significant(χ^2=85.865,P<0.001).The awareness rates of smoking hazards was higher in women(34.97%)than in men(32.63%),the difference was significant(Z=5.612,P<0.001),higher in suburban residents(35.44%)than in urban residents(33.03%),the difference was significant(Z=-3.734,P<0.001),and higher in never smokers(35.15%)than in smokers(30.06%),the difference was significant(χ^2=62.277,P=0.005).Multiple logistic regression analysis results showed people with general awareness(OR=0.61,95%CI:0.39-0.94)and poor awareness(OR=0.67,95%CI:0.50-0.90)of smoking hazards were less likely to quit smoking and people with general awareness(OR=0.64,95%CI:0.53-0.76)and poor awareness(OR=0.87,95%CI:0.78-0.98)of smoking hazards were more likely to smoke.Conclusions Smokers aged 18-65 in Beijing had low willingness for smoking cessation.Health problem was main consideration for smoking cessation.Never-smokers had better awareness of smoking hazards than smokers,and the awareness of smoking hazards was an influencing factor of smoking status.